n Pg 112 112 title Scientific Revolution n

n Pg 112, 112 title: Scientific Revolution n Preview: – The Renaissance was a “rebirth” in many ways. What was “reborn” in the areas of: • Art • Trade • Exploration • Religion • Thinking

Scientific Revolution—a movement in the 1600 s in which new technology and innovative approaches to seeking knowledge led to a breakthrough in European thought. (Everything was questioned; nothing was assumed)

Complete Flow Chart on the Scientific Breakthroughs

Scientific Revolution

n. Scientific Revolution—a movement in the 1600 s in which new technology and innovative approaches to seeking knowledge led to a breakthrough in European thought. (Everything was questioned; nothing was assumed)

Logic n During the Scientific Revolution, logic (reasoning) were utilize as tools to find truth; Logic—using the mind and science to determine answers n How did people come up with answers before Scientific Revolution? – Magical Thought (witch did it) – Religious Thought (god did it) – Scientific Thought (using logic)

Deductive Reasoning n Observing something general & using logic to prove a hypothesis (unproven question) n Use Scientific Method to prove hypothesis –Premise: All dogs have four legs –Premise: Rover is a dog –Conclusion: Rover has four legs

Scientific Method n Theory—Observation of something in nature n Form Hypothesis—come up with a question about observation n Experimentation—conduct tests to determine answers to hypothesis n Confirmation—analyze & interpret data to see if hypothesis is true

n Observing Inductive Reason something specific & using logic to make a general statement –Observation: John came to class late this morning –Observation: John’s hair was uncombed –Prior experience: John is very fussy about his hair –Conclusion: John overslept

Reasons for Scientific Revolution n Renaissance—emphasis on order, perfection, its OK to question traditional beliefs, humans can accomplish anything n Reformation—Catholic Church did not always support scientific thought; new religions weakened Church authority n Overseas Exploration—caused scientific research on new plants & animals brought back

William Harvey

William Harvey n English doctor and teacher--first to correctly describe and prove that blood circulates through the body & pumped by the heart n Provided important understanding of how body works

Andreas Vesalius

Andreas Vesalius n Brought innovation to study of human anatomy for first time in more than 1, 500 years n Scientific knowledge is found by observing nature (not reading books) n Recorded first collection of scientific observation since ancient times n Marked beginning of modern science

Nicolaus Copernicus

Nicolaus Copernicus n Founder of modern astronomy n Introduced heliocentric hypothesis: earth is 1 of many heavenly bodies that spin on their axes & revolve around the sun n Revolutionized Europe’s concept of the universe n Influenced: Galileo, Kepler, & Newton

Galileo Galilei

Galileo Galilei n Considered one of most influential scientists in history n Law of Inertia, invented telescope, astronomy observations n Perfection of scientific method-emphasis on careful, quantitative measurements

Isaac Newton

Isaac Newton n The greatest and most influential scientist of the era n Major contributions to understanding of motion, light, heat n Discovered theory of gravity n Created calculus

Johannes Kepler

Johannes Kepler n Astronomer and mathematician who mathematically proved Copernicus’ theory about planetary movements n Planets move in ellipses & do not always travel at same speed around the sun

Rene Descartes

Rene Descartes n Philosopher & Mathematician who believed truth is found only in logic n Searched for knowledge in everything—went through entire life questioning the existence of everything (except that he was alive) & did not trust anything to be true until he proved it (“I think, therefore I am”)

Benjamin Franklin

Benjamin Franklin n Made important discoveries in electricity and meteorology n Invented bifocals, odometer, & lightening rod

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 n On pg 108, 108 below Preview complete the following Review assignment: n Rank order the most important Scientists during the Scientific Revolution. Under each person write a 1 sentence justification that explains why each scientist was placed where he was on the continuum