n n n The No Significant Difference Phenomenon

Μερικά δεδομένα n n n Στην έκθεση «The No Significant Difference Phenomenon (1999» Ο Russell ανάλυσε πάνω από 355 μελέτες αξιολόγησης προγραμμάτων εκπαίδευσης απόσταση από το 1928 Κι αναφέρει q «that there is no evidence of any kind that categorically proves that technology has any impact on learning – either positive or negative» [http: //www. nosignificantdifference. org].

E-learning: Ένας ορισμός “the systematic use of networked multimedia computer technologies to n q q empower learners, improve learning, connect learners to people and resources supportive of their needs, and to integrate learning with performance and individual with organisational goals. ” P. Goodyear (2002)

“Here we are, standing in front of the Eiffel Tower. ”

Νέα περιβάλλοντα The NIMS: http: //collide. informatik. uni-duisburg. de/Projects/nimis/overview. html

Synchronous Collaborative Learning Systems: Belvedere Κοινόχρηστος χώρος Βιβλιοθήκη οντοτήτων διάλογος http: //lilt. ics. hawaii. edu/belvedere/index. html

Asynchronous multimedia communication http: //www. learncanada. ca/index. php

Simulations

BBC learning

Learning Management Systems c a l b d r a o kb

History of Standards Railway Tracks n n By the late 1860’s nine different train track gauges (σιδηροτροχιές) sizes were in use in North America. Why? Strictly used for local transportation or rival ambitions of the competition q “Standardization of gauge facilitates the exchange of rolling stock, enabling freight shipment and passenger traffic to pass over the track of multiple companies. ” Standards = Interoperability Source: Standardization of Track Gauge on North American Railways (2000) Journal of Economic History

Learning Technologies Standards and Specifications CEN/ISSS ISO/IEC JTC 1 SC 36 LOM (metadata) is an approved IEEE standard. Dublin Core e. LIG Singapore IMS Asia ALIC AICC

Digital Repositories… an Analogy Labeling = “Metadata” • Market’s Organic Yogurt (title) • 2% plain yogurt (description) • 500 grams (size) Container of yogurt = ‘learning object’ Refrigerator = ‘Digital Repository’ • A large storage area for objects • Different shapes and sizes and content • Metadata allows for search and retrieval Janet Bartz 2002

Learning Object Metadata + Metadata Images Text Video LO files Audio

Παραδείγματα από Canadian Learning Object Repositories n n n n Campus Alberta Repository of Educational Objects http: //www. careo. org Learn. Alberta. ca www. Learn. Alberta. ca Tele. Campus http: //courses. telecampus. edu/about/index. cfm? fuse action=introduction edu. Source Canada Project http: //www. edusource. ca/

USA-Based LOR n Multimedia Educational Resource for Learning and Online Teaching n http: //www. merlot. org Gateway to Educational Materials http: //www. thegateway. org/ §

Στην Ευρώπη: Educa. Next Homepage

Metadata

Federated Search Broker 2 Broker 3 Broker 1 Broker 4

Content Packaging – Πακετάρισμα Course Module 1 Lesson 1 Resource Lesson 2 Resource Module 2 Lesson 1 Part A Resource Part B Resource Lesson 2 Resource Lesson 3 Resource Assessment Resource Logical View Learning Content Structure as seen on the browser Packaging View Learning Content Oganisation in IMS CP

Quiz tool

Η διαδικασία ανάπτυξης υλικού ηλ. μάθησης … i R i ¬ ¸ CREATE CONTENT PACKAGE, TEST & MANIPULATE [RELOAD] ¬ i § i ¥ i ¸ ¬^¬R STORE [REPOSITORY] DELIVER [MLE] i

simple sequencing

Simple Sequencing Activity A A If status != “satisfied” If status == “satisfied” Then goto C Else goto B Activity B B Activity If status == “satisfied” Goto C Activity C C If status == “not satisfied” Then goto A Else goto… If status == “not satisfied”

Διαλειτουργικότητα των συστημάτων Learning System B Different vendors NO INTEROPERABILITY q Different architectures Vendor B q q q Different formats Different developers Learning System A NO STRATEGIES & DESIGN REUSE format X Learning System C Vendor A Vendor C LO A NO CONTENT REUSE LO B format W Learning System D LO C format Y LO D format Z Vendor D

Short-range Frequencies Long-range Frequencies Personal Learning Devices www. ambientinsight. com Smart Phones 2. 5 -3 G & 4 G “Connected” PMDs Wi. MAX 802. xx Ultra-thin Notebooks GPS Satellite Devices Ultra Wideband (UWB) The Smart Stack Zig. Bee Bluetooth Tablets www. ambientinsight. com RFID NFC Smart Tag Readers Handheld PCs Smart Objects