n ISN pg 174 title The Battles of

n ISN pg 174 title: The Battles of World War I n Preview: –What is Militarism? How did it lead to WWI? –Who were the members of the Triple Alliance? –Who were the members of the Triple Entente? –How did the Industrial Revolution lead to WWI?

The War to End All Wars The Battles of the Great War

The Powder Keg in the Balkans n By 1914, Europe was in bad situation: countries had large armies & felt glory could be gained by winning war (militarism), were competitive after years of imperialism & rise of nationalism, had large alliances that might pull all countries into war n After years of fighting for new territory, great tension in Balkans

On June 28, 1914, Franz Ferdinand was assassinated

The War Begins n On July 23, Austria-Hungary issued an ultimatum to Serbia: –Either allow Austria-Hungarian officials to investigate the assassination …OR… OR –Go to war n On July 28, 1914 Serbia declined the ultimatum & Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia

World War 1 Begins Austria-Hungary On On August July 28, 1914, 4, 1914, Serbia England On August 1, 1914, On August 3, out 1914, declared war on Serbia declared declined ultimatum Germany & Italy backed of its wartheon Germany declared war …and joined Germany declared war & itsonally Russia Austria-Hungary agreement with Germany & Russia the Allies on France Austria-Hungary…

New French Recruits. Powers Recruits of the Central A German soldier says bye to his mother Austro-Hungarians

Schlieffen Plan n Problem: Germany had enemies on both west & east borders n Solution: Germany could defeat France quickly before Russia could enter war; Then fight Russia

The Schlieffen Plan But…the France Germans went anticipated a AROUND these German attack & defenses & built up defenses attacked. France through between & Belgium Germany

Battle of the Marne Battle offaster Tannenberg Meanwhile, Russia& mobilized than expected, so. Schlieffen Germany had divert troops The Plantoseemed to from France to fight army be working asthe the. Russia German army had early wins & seemed ready to take Paris But, English & French saved Paris at the Battle of the Marne Because France was not taken quickly & Russia got ready too fast, Germany had to abandon the Schlieffen Plan & fight a 2 -front war

Total War n World War 1 became the 1 st war to use total war tactics –Governments committed all their nation’s resources & took over industry to win the war –Soldiers were drafted, the media was censored, propaganda was created to support the war –The enemy became the other nation, not just its soldiers

Total War n New weapons were introduced: Machine guns, tanks, airplanes, flame throwers, poison gas, blimps, heavy artillery, submarines (u-boats) n To protect themselves from the enemy, both the Allies & Central Powers built trenches

Realities of War Video

Krupp’s “Big Bertha” Gun

French Renault Tank

U-Boats

Allied Ships Sunk by U-Boats

The Airplane “Squadron Over the Brenta” Max Edler von Poosch, 1917

The Zeppelin

Grenade Launchers Flame Throwers

Trench Warfare

The soldiers had very little decent food, and what food they had was often attacked by rats. These rats were the size of small rabbits and badgers because they had fed on the decomposing bodies of dead soldiers.

“No Man’s Land” Would you have “gone over the top”?

Total War n Trench warfare made it difficult for either side to win a victory n World War I became a war of attrition in which both the Allies & the Central Powers tried to out-last & wear down the enemy

Curtis-Martin German Women U. Factory S. homefront Aircraft Workers Plant Factories on the French Women Workers

Recruitment Posters

Anti-German Propaganda

A. The Western Front

A. The Western Front

B. The Eastern Front Site of main fighting along the German-Russian border • Russians push into Austria and Germany, but soon forced to retreat • Battle of Tannenberg (1914) Russia suffers a disastrous defeat to Germany. • Russia’s war effort suffering by 1916; many casualties, few supplies • Huge size of Russian army keeps it a formidable force for a time - prevents Germany from sending more troops to the Western Front • In 1918, Russia leaves WWI due to revolution at home

C. The Middle East Front

Germany The. France Great&War was a “world war”to Japan joined used African troops take German colonies in South East Asia Ottomans allied with Germany England used Indian troops Canada, Australia, & New Zealand supported Britain

Sikh Chinese British Turkish Soldiers Cavalryin India