n Essential Question Question What factors led to

n Essential Question: Question – What factors led to the outbreak of the Civil War? n Warm-Up Question: –?

A Nation Goes to War Video (4: 00)

When Lincoln was elected in 1860, 4 more Southern states seceded in 1861 The Start of the Civil War, 7 Southern seceded the Union & whenstates Lincoln calledfrom for military formed the Confederate States America volunteers to “preserve theof. Union” The Civil War began when Fort Sumter was fired upon by Confederate soldiers

Strategies & Advantages n The Union strategy during the war was called the Anaconda Plan: –Blockade the coast, seize the Mississippi River to divide the South, & take Richmond –Exploit South’s dependency on foreign trade & its inability to manufacture weapons –Relied on Northern advantages in population, industry, & military

Take the CSA capital Take control of the at Richmond Mississippi River Ulysses Grant in the West Divide the West from South Blockade the Southern coast George Mc. Clellan was in charge of Army of the Potomac

Strategies & Advantages n The Confederate strategy during the war was an Offensive Defense: –Protect Southern territory from “Northern aggression” but attack into Union territory when the opportunity presents itself –Get Britain & France to join their cause because of European dependency on “King Cotton” –Drag out the war as long as possible to make the North quit

Political Leadership During the Civil War, President Jefferson Davis During the Civil War, had a difficult time: President Lincoln used • The CSA Constitution“emergency powers” to protect “national security”: protected states’ rights so state governors • could Suspended habeas corpus refuse to send him money (Laws requiring evidence or troops before in citizens can & be. CSA The national government the USA jailed) • CSA currency inflated relied on volunteer armies in the beginning, by • Closed down newspapers but 7, 000% soon needed conscription (draft) to supply that with did not support the war their armies troops

New York City Draft Riots

Fighting the Civil War 1861 -1865

Fighting the Civil War: 1861 -1865 n From 1861 to mid-1863, the Confederate army was winning the Civil War: –Defensive strategy carried out by superior Southern generals like Robert E. Lee & Stonewall Jackson –Disagreements among military & political leaders in the North

Bull Run (Manassas), 1861: The 1 st battle of the Civil War; Stonewall Jackson kept the Union army from taking the CSA capital at Richmond

Seven Pines, 1862 (CSA) Seven Days, 1862 (CSA) Shiloh, 1862 (USA) 2 nd Bull Run, 1862 (CSA) From 1861 -1862, the CSA had success in the East, but the USA had success in the West New Orleans, 1862 (USA)

Antietam, 1862: General Lee’s 1 st attempt to invade outside the CSA was halted by Mc. Clellan

Antietam, 1862 n Even though the Battle of Antietam ended without a clear winner, it had important effects on the North: –The battle convinced Britain & France not to support the Confederacy in the war –The battle convinced Lincoln that the time was right to make the emancipation of slaves the new focus of the war for the North

Emancipation Proclamation n After Antietam, Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation: –This executive order freed all slaves in Confederate territories –It did not free slaves in the border states but it gave the North a new reason fight –Inspired Southern slaves to escape which forced Southern whites to worry about their farms

States Impacted by the Emancipation Proclamation

Escaped slaves in NC coming into Union lines

Fredericksburg, 1862 (CSA) Chancellorsville, 1863 The Confederates won, but Stonewall Jackson was killed; Lee said of Jackson: “He has lost his left arm, but I have lost my right arm” After Antietam, the Confederates continued to win in the East

Despite being outnumbered & But, the Union Army wasdominated having the under-equipped, the CSA success in the West under the fighting in the East from 1861 -1863 due leadership of Ulysses S Grantstrategy to better generals & a defensive Conclusions: 1861 -1863 By mid-1863, the weight of the Northern population & industrial capacity will begin to turn the tide of the war in favor of the Union

Emancipation Proclamation Activity

n Essential Question: Question – What factors helped the Union win the Civil War by 1865? n Warm-Up Question: –?

Fighting the Civil War: 1861 -1865 n When the Civil War began, most expected the fighting to end quickly, but the war lasted until 1865 due to: –The commitment of the Union & Confederacy to “total war” –Excellent Southern generals like Robert E. Lee & Stonewall Jackson –Improved, industrial weaponry

New Weapons but Old Tactics n New weapons: –Long-range artillery & the Gatling gun (1 st machine gun) –Cone-shaped bullets & grooved barrel rifles for more accuracy –Ironclad naval ships like the USS Monitor & CSS Virginia n Old tactics such as massed formations & frontal assaults n Led to huge casualty rates

Dead on the Battlefield

The Tide of the War Turns in 1863 n By 1863, the Confederacy was having difficulty sustaining the fight: –Attempts to lure Britain & France into the war had failed –The Union blockade, limited Southern manufacturing, & lack of grain fields left CSA soldiers ill-supplied –To pay for the war, the CSA printed money leading to massive inflation

Gettysburg, Vicksburg, 1863: In July, Robert Lee decided to Grant cut off. ESouthern access take his victory at toadvantage Mississippiof. River & divided Chancellorsville attack Northern the South & into two halves; soil. Grant to end thethen war promoted quickly byto was crushing Union moralearmy lead the entire Gettysburg proved to be the turning point of the war; Lee was halted, the CSA never again attacked Union soil, & the Union army began winning the war

Now we are engaged in a The world will little —that we here highly Gettysburg Address great civil war, testing But, or in long a larger sense, note remember resolve that these dead whether that nation, or any It. Four is rather for us to be score and seven we can not dedicate, what we say here, but shall not have died in nation so conceived and soit here dedicated to the years ago our we not consecrate, dedicated, canforget longnation, endure. cancan never what vain—that this great task remaining forefathers brought We are met on a great battlewe can not hallow this they did here. It is fora under God, shall have before us—that field of that war. Wefrom have forth on this continent, ground. For the brave us the living, rather, to new birth of freedom— come tohonored dedicate adead portion of these we a new nation, men, living and dead, be dedicated hereresting to the and that government of that field, as a final take increased devotion conceived in Liberty, who struggled place for those who here unfinished work which the people, byhere, the to that cause for which and dedicated to the gave their lives that have consecrated it far they whoand fought here people, for they gave the last full nation might live. Itall is proposition that abovethus our poor power have far so nobly people, shall not perish altogether fitting andequal. proper measure of devotion— men are created tofrom add or detract. advanced. the earth. that we should do this.

The to principles that ourthe We need make sure government upon Union wins thewere Civilfounded War in order to preserve our form of gov’t This Civil War is a test to see if these principles will last, because other republics have failed

Fighting the Civil War: 1863 -1865 n Under Grant’s leadership, the Union army was more aggressive & committed to destroy the South’s will to fight: –Grant appointed William T. Sherman to lead Southern campaign –Sherman destroyed everything of value to the South & emancipated slaves during his “march to the sea”

Sherman considered “total war” necessary to defeat the South The Battle of Atlanta was a huge victory for the Union because it took out a major Southern railroad terminus

Fighting the Civil War: 1863 -1865 n The election of 1864: –Lincoln faced a tough re-election campaign against George Mc. Clellan –The North’s war failures were the key election issue –When Atlanta fell during Sherman’s “March to the Sea, ” Lincoln was overwhelmingly reelected

In his 2 nd inaugural address, Lincoln promised a Reconstruction Plan for the Union with “malice towards none & charity for all”

Appomattox, 1865: Grant defeated Lee at Appomattox ending the Civil War

On April 9, 1865, Lee surrendered to Grant at Appomattox Courthouse, ending the fighting of Civil War

The Death of Lincoln Northern celebration was short lived; On April 14, 1865, Lincoln was shot by John Wilkes Booth

Effects of the War n Effects of the Civil War: War – 618, 000 troops were dead; More than any other U. S. war –The 13 th Amendment was ratified in 1865 ending slavery –The war forever ended the states’ rights argument –The South was destroyed; A plan was needed to admit Southern states back into the Union

What If? Activity