n Essential Question Question What factors led to

n Essential Question: Question – What factors led to the outbreak of the Civil War? n Warm-Up Question: – How did the following events lead to the Civil War in 1861? • States’ Rights Arguments • Slavery • Westward Expansion

The Outbreak of the Civil War n Abraham Lincoln’s election in 1860, was the first step towards the outbreak of the Civil War –South Carolinians feared the victory of a Republican president would bring an end to slavery & seceded from the United States –By early 1861, 7 Southern states seceded & formed the Confederate States of America

The Upper South did not view Lincoln’s election as a death sentence & did not secede immediately The entire Deep South seceded by Feb 1861

The Confederate States of America n The constitution of the Confederacy: –Protected slavery & states’ rights –Outlawed tariffs –Created a weak national government –Elected Jefferson Davis as president

Lincoln viewed Southern secession as illegal & promised to “preserve the Union”

“My paramount object in this struggle is to save the Union, and is not either to save or to destroy slavery. If I could save the Union without freeing any slave I would do it, and if I could save it by freeing all the slaves I would do it; and if I could save it by freeing some and leaving others alone I would also do that. ” —Abraham Lincoln, 1862

In April 1861, Fort federal soldiers Sumter The firing on Fort Sumter proved refused Confederate demands to to be the beginning of the in Civil vacate at Fort Sumter SC War When Lincoln sent aid to soldiers, Confederates fired on the fort

Fort Sumter Not all slave states After Fort Sumter, seceded; Those that the upper South stayed in the Union were states seceded & called “border states” joined the CSA

The Confederate States of America

Northern Advantages n At the outbreak of the Civil War, the North had lots of advantages: –Larger population for troops –Greater industrial capacity –Huge edge in RR transportation n Problems for the North: –Had to invade the South to win –Difficult to maintain enthusiasm & support for war over time

Southern Advantages n Although outnumbered & less industrial, South had advantages: –President Davis knew that they did not have to “win” the war; the South only had to drag out “King Cotton” the fightdiplomacy & make the North quit –Had the best military leaders Robert E J. E. B. –England &“Stonewall” France appeared Leemore willing. Jackson Stuart to support the South

Turning Advantages into Strategy n Based upon the advantages of both the Union & Confederacy: –What should each side’s war strategy be? –How can each side maximize their strengths & minimize their weaknesses in order to win?

Northern “Anaconda Plan”

Southern “Offensive Defense”

Class Activity: What were the advantages & disadvantages of the Union & Confederacy during the Civil War?

Advantages and Disadvantages n Using the following documents, complete the chart on the back of your notes.

Document One

Document Two

Document Three

Document Four

Document Five

Document Six

Document Seven

Document Eight

Document Nine