n Essential Question Question What factors led to

n Essential Question: Question – What factors led to the outbreak of the Civil War & contributed to Confederate successes from 1861 to 1863?

Section 3 Describe why Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation. n Understand the role that African Americans Played in the Civil War n

Most commanding officers in the Union Army were white, even in all-African units. Why?

The Coming of Emancipation n At the beginning of the war, the North was fighting to preserve the Union, Union not to abolish slavery n By mid-1862, many Northerners called for immediate emancipation –Congress refused a gradual plan –Many thought immediate freedom for slaves would lure England & France into alliance –Southern victories pressured the North to “strike back”

n http: //www. civilwar. org/education/i n 4/emancipation-procla. html

Do you think Lincoln was an abolitionist?

"My paramount object in this struggle is to save the Union, and is not either to save or to destroy slavery. If I could save the Union without freeing any slave I would do it, and if I could save it by freeing all the slaves I would do it; and if I could save it by freeing some and leaving others alone I would also do that. " —Abraham Lincoln, 1862

The Emancipation Proclamation n Union “success” at Antietam led Lincoln to issue the Emancipation Proclamation on January 1, 1863: –Lincoln freed all slaves in Confederate territories –This did not free a single slave but Passed it gave thethe North new after Civil a War ended on the Jan 31, 1865 reason fight Civil War –Inspired slaves to flee North n Pushed for the 13 th Amendment

Emancipation in 1863 The border states could keep their slaves (until 13 th amendment passed in 1865)

If he was an abolitionist why did he only free slaves in the CSA and not everywhere?

Effects of the Emancipation Proclamation It did not actually free anyone. The Thirteenth Amendment, ratified by Congress in 1865, truly freed enslaved Americans. n Lincoln hoped that word of the proclamation would encourage enslaved people to run away or rise up against their masters. – Before the Emancipation Proclamation, about 100, 000 African Americans left for the safety of the Union. n Northern African Americans were pleased by the decree. n Because Britain and France opposed slavery, they decided to withhold recognition of the Confederation. n

https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=t 6 RABxiwq. Xo&list=PLCH 8 u x. PXHDPD 5 YQPvx. X 3 ql. GSFl. HN ZUhd 6&index=22 Analyze Civil War political cartoons

The Tide Turns in 1863 n By New early. York 1863, North Citythe Draft Riot & South both faced morale problems: –South—economic & diplomatic South collapse, runaway slaves, & many yeomen refused to fight –North—consistent losses North against Lee, draft riots in NYC, anti-war “Copperheads” played on war failures & racial anxieties

Grant began a siege on Richmond and… Due to Grant’s success in the west, In Lincoln July 1863, General Grant took Vicksburg made Grant supreme commander & of gained control of the Mississippi River Union army in 1864; Grant devised a strategy to invade the South on all fronts The Civil War Lee led an attack into the North, but lost at Gettysburg; North’s 1 st real victory in the east

n http: //www. civilwar. org/education/i n 4/the-battle-of-gettysburg. html

Video Sherman’s March to the Sea

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Election of 1864 n Meanwhile, Lincoln faced a tough re-election in 1864 against General George Mc. Clellan: –War failures were a key issue –Radical Republicans considered dropping Lincoln from the ticket n But, when Atlanta fell during Sherman’s “March to the Sea, ” nd In his 2 inaugural address, Lincoln promised Lincoln regained support and was a Reconstruction Plan for the Union with “malice towards none reelected & charity for all” overwhelmingly

Fight to the Finish n But by 1863, the war began to turn in favor of the North: –Northern supremacy in industry & manpower began to take its toll on the exhausted South –The North began enlisting blacks into the Union army; 200, 000 fought as soldiers & many others served as labor in the Northern war effort

African Americans in War Non-soldiers such as Harriet Tubman of the Underground Railroad, were able to help the North as spies or guides behind Confederate lines. n African American regiments were separate from the rest of the Union army. Most command officers were white. Why? – After protests African American and white soldiers received the same pay in 1864. n The 54 th Massachusetts led by white abolitionists was one of the most famous African American regiments. Their bravery in a battle against a Confederate fort near Charleston, South Carolina, in July 1863 won respect for African American troops. Movie Glory is about them! n

African Americans in War African Americans did not serve in the Confederate military at first because white Southerners were afraid of a slave rebellion. – end of the war Confederacy desperate for men. • The Confederate Congress passed a law in 1865 to enlist enslaved people. – The law did not include automatic freedom just because the men served as soldiers. The war ended before any regiments were organized. n Attitudes toward African Americans as soldiers. Lincoln’s opponents criticized it. Many white Southerners were also outraged and threatened to execute any they captured and did execute some. – Enslaved workers were overjoyed to see African American soldiers in the Union army. n

n http: //www. civilwar. org/education/i n 4/black-soldiers. html

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