Myology Muscles of the Face Muscles of Facial

Myology Muscles of the Face

Muscles of Facial Expression Eye Muscles • Orbicularis oculi – Under both conscious/unconscious control i. e. blinking – When entire muscle is contracted eyelids & surrounding area will be drawn medially decreasing amount of light entering eye • Levator palpebrae superioris – Attaches from sphenoid bone to upper eyelid. – Nerve memory hint: columns (CN III) opens the eye. • Corrugator supercilii – Draws eyebrows inferiorly/medially as in frowning causing vertical wrinkles superomedially to eye. 2

Orbicularis Oculi O: Medial side of eye I: Medial side of eye (returns to same attachment encircling the eye) A: Closes & squints the eye. Also assists in tear transport and drainage N: CN VII (Facial nerve) Palpation: page 35 3

Levator Palpebrae Superioris O: Sphenoid Bone I: Upper Eyelid A: Elevates upper eyelid N: CN III (Oculomotor nerve) Palpation: page 38 4

Corrugator Supercilii O: Inferior frontal bone I: Skin deep to medial eyebrow A: Draws eyebrow inferomedially N: CN VII (Facial nerve) Palpation: page 40 5

Muscles of Facial Expression Nose Muscles • Procerus – Often blends with frontalis superiorly and nasalis inferiorly – Gives look of frowning and also helps shield eyes from bright light – Person may convey air of superiority (hence “procerus” meaning chief, noble or prince). • Nasalis – Transverse part sometimes called compressor nasi and alar part dilatator nasi – Blends with procerus superiorly • Depressor Septi Nasi – Sometimes considered part of alar portion of nasalis 6

Procerus O: Fascia over nasal bone I: Skin between eyebrows A: Draws down medial eyebrows. Also wrinkles the skin of the nose N: CN VII (Facial nerve) Palpation: page 42 7

Nasalis O: Maxilla I: Cartilage of Nose and Opposite side Nasalis muscle A: Flares nostrils N: CN VII (Facial nerve) Palpation: page 44 8

Depressor Septi Nasi O: Incisive fossa of the maxilla I: Cartilage of Nose A: Constricts nostrils N: CN VII (Facial nerve) Palpation: page 46 9

Muscles of Facial Expression Mouth Muscles • Levator Labii Superioris – Main elevators of upper lip are levator labii superioris & zygomaticus minor. – Contraction alone will elevate upper lip as in showing someone our upper teeth. • Zygomaticus Minor – Blends with levator labii superioris • Zygomaticus Major – Contributes to smiling and laughing – 6 muscles attach into modiolus (fibro muscular condensation ≈ ¼” lateral to angle of mouth): zygomaticus major, levator anguli oris, risorius, depressor anguli oris, buccinator, & orbicularis oris.

Levator Labii Superioris O: Inferior orbital margin of the maxilla I: Upper Lip A: Elevation of Upper Lip N: CN VII (Facial nerve) Palpation: page 51

Zygomaticus Minor O: Zygomatic bone I: Upper Lip A: Elevation of Upper Lip N: CN VII (Facial nerve) Palpation: page 54

Zygomaticus Major O: Zygomatic bone I: Angle of Mouth A: Elevation of Angle of Mouth as in smiling. Also draws laterally at the angle of the mouth N: CN VII (Facial nerve) Palpation: page 57

Muscles of Facial Expression Mouth Muscles • Levator Anguli Oris – Also known as the caninus because contraction can result in teeth especially canine tooth becoming visible – “Dracula” expression. – Contraction alone can manifest a sneer.

Levator Anguli Oris O: Maxilla, just inferior to the infraorbital foramen I: Angle of Mouth A: Elevation of Angle of Mouth N: CN VII (Facial nerve) Palpation: page 60

Muscles of Facial Expression Mouth Muscles • Risorius – Drawing angle of mouth laterally is involved with grinning, smiling, and laughing. • Depressor Anguli Oris – Blends into the platysma – Contribute to facial expression of sadness or uncertainty. • Depressor Labii Inferioris – Contribute to facial expressions of sorrow, doubt, and irony.

Risorius O: Fascia Superficial to Masseter I: Angle of Mouth Action: Draws Laterally the Angle of Mouth N: CN VII (Facial nerve) Palpation: page 63

Depressor Anguli Oris O: Mandible I: Angle of Mouth A: Depresses the Angle of Mouth. Also assists the risorius in drawing the angle of the mouth laterally N: CN VII (Facial nerve) Palpation: page 66

Depressor Labii Inferioris O: Mandible I: Lower Lip A: Depression of Lower Lip. Also assists in drawing the lower lip laterally and everting it. N: CN VII (Facial nerve) Palpation: page 69

Muscles of Facial Expression Mouth Muscles • Mentalis – Contributes to facial expressions of doubt, pouting, or disdain • Buccinator – Parotid duct pierces through buccinator to enter mouth – Action of compressing the cheeks against the teeth by the 2 buccinators working bilaterally is important forcefully expelling air from the mouth. • Latin word for trumpeter is “buccinator” – Important with whistling, blowing up a balloon and with helping keep food from lingering in vestibule of mouth. – Contributes to expression (puckering the cheeks) made when person eats something sour. • Orbicularis Oris – Causes kips to close and protrude as in puckering lips or whistling.

Mentalis O: Mandible I: Skin of the Chin A: -Elevation of Lower Lip -Eversion and Protracts the Lower Lip - Wrinkles the skin of the chin N: CN VII (Facial nerve) Palpation: page 72

Buccinator O: Maxilla and Mandible I: Lips (buccinator muscle is located in the tissue of the cheek) A: Compression of Cheeks (against teeth) N: CN VII (Facial nerve) Palpation: page 75

Orbicularis O: Surrounds the mouth Action: Closes mouth and protracts the lips N: CN VII (Facial nerve) Palpation: page 77