MyersBriggs Type Indicator INOV 101 February 2008 Purpose

Myers-Briggs Type Indicator INOV 101 February, 2008

Purpose • Better self management through heightened selfawareness. • Understand mental diversity and strengthen relationships with others. • Identify preferences and how these preferences are similar and different from others on the team. • Develop and sharpen interpersonal skills that will heighten personal and job effectiveness. • Have some fun.

Agenda • • • Review the MBTI dimensions MBTI results, self-validation Class profile MBTI and change MBTI and leadership MBTI and decision-making

Exercise • Handwriting • Cross arms • Clasp hands • Describe the differences Easy Comfortable Effortless Natural Fast Mature Competent Hard Awkward Concentrated Unnatural Slow Immature Incompetent

Individual Preferences • Part of our “filters” – the way people see the world is different. • No right or wrong type - another form of diversity. • Type has nothing to do with ability or competence. • Meant for normal, healthy, well adjusted adults. • This is a theory - it cannot be proven, but can be supported and/or refuted. • Everyone uses every preference. However, we favor one preference over the other on each of the four scales.

Trait vs. Type Trait • Inborn or acquired • More or less • Too much or too little is diagnostic • Normally distributed Type • Inborn preference • Either or • Too much or too little is irrelevant • Bimodal

History • C. G. Jung’s theory-(Swiss psychoanalyst) 1875 -1968 – Psychological Types - translated into English in 1921 – Katharine Cook Briggs (1875 -1968) • Isabel Briggs Myers (1896 -1980) – 1923 - type watching and validating Jung’s theory – 30 years of development for the indicator - form A in 1942 – 1962 by ETS for research only, generally available in 1976 – Currently over 6000 references – In use world wide – Published by CPP • Relevance – By understanding how you and others see the world differently, you will gain insight into communications and relationships

Preference Description Four scales: E or I: Extraversion or Introversion is attitude. How do you direct your energy? S or N: Sensing or i. Ntuition is a perceiving function. How do you input? T or F: Thinking or Feeling is a judging function. How do you process? J or P: Judging or Perceiving is a lifestyle orientation. How do you relate to the outside?

MBTI ENERGY FLOW E ------------------I ATTITUDE DATA GATHERING S ------------------N PERCEIVING FUNCTION DECISION MAKING T ------------------F JUDGING FUNCTION ORIENTATION TO THE OUTER WORLD ATTITUDE J ------------------ P

E or I (Attitude) It’s where you get your energy and where you direct your energy: outside or inside Extra (not extro) – Act and (maybe) reflect “talk it out” – Lots of “friends” – Breadth – Like working in groups Intra – Reflect and (maybe) act “think it through” – A few close friends – Depth – Prefer solitary activities

Key Words E • • Active Outward Sociable People Many Expressive Breadth Live it, then understand it I • • Reflective Inward Reserved Privacy Few Quiet Depth Understand it, before live it Self-Assess

E’s View Admire about I’s – Do things on their own – Nice not to be center of attention – Not feeling like you have to speak up – Think things through Baffled by – Why they take so long to answer

I’s View Admire about E’s – – – High energy Verbal Doers Risk takers Comfortable with self and others – Confidence Baffled by – – – Too many words Don’t shut up Too Impulsive Opinionated Changeable

S or N Function It’s how you prefer to input - the perceiving mental function – It is irrational (we have no control) Input - S – Directly via the senses - specific parts - present practical – Step by step – Structured Input - N – 6 th sense or hunch - relationships - future - imagine – Jump in anywhere – Skip steps

Key Words S N Details Present Practical Facts Sequential Directions Repetition Enjoyment Perspiration Conserve Literal Patterns Future Imaginative Innovations Random Hunches Variety Anticipation Inspiration Change Figurative Self - Assess

S’s on “leaf” fall tree rake flowers salad pile compost mulch 4 leaf clover burning smell autumn

N’s on “leaf” raking rain py leaf s i r c g me n y r play e a floati p p l one sli a rt new dead leaf r red u f dried nge a h t c s cru spring h g u are o b r ht th art g gold i l n su r e e thru a bo blow lettuc ok burning o table salad ickson ak r E sun rns h o c c l a u m new de a l h o s b Pot sym ers t t u g g tumblin dec MINT JULEPS ay light autumn

T or F Function It’s how you prefer to process information – Rational, judging mental function Process - T – Objective – Head – Principles (truth, justice) Process - F – Subjective – Heart – Value (relationship, harmony)

Key Words T F Head Objective Justice Cool Impersonal Critique Analyze Precise Principles Heart Subjective Harmony Caring Personal Appreciate Empathize Persuasive Values Self-Assess

J or P The Lifestyle What does the outside world see? J – Ordered – Planned – Decisive P – Spontaneous – Flexible – Curious

Key Words J Organized Structure Control Decisive Deliberate Closure Plan Deadlines Productive P Flexible Flow Experience Curious Spontaneous Openness Wait Discoveries Receptive Self-Assess

Contributions of Preferences • Extraverted types – Remain aware of the environment, maintain their networks, and take action. • Introverted types – Pay attention to the infrastructure, conceptualize the problem, and look deeply into issues.

Contributions of Preferences • Sensing types – Know the facts, understand the planning stages, and work out implementation details. • Intuitive types – See the big picture, forge into new areas, and develop new possibilities.

Contributions of Preferences • Thinking types – Discuss the issues in a logical way, consider the pros and cons of various alternatives, and spot the inconsistencies in a plan. • Feeling types – Understand what is important to people, acknowledge the human side of decision making, and help others accept decisions.

Contributions of Preferences • Judging types – Generate systems, provide organization, and act with decisiveness. • Perceiving types – Are open to new ideas, provide insight, and react with flexibility if the system breaks down.

MBTI Results • This is a hypothesis until it is verified by you • Reasons for differences between survey and self -assessment: – Feeling torn between demands of work and self preferences – Questions were answered in terms of what you thought was expected – Terms used were misunderstood – Confusion due to perceived social pressure – Currently in a growth period developing new processes – Suffering illness or sleep deprivation

Team Type Lens ISTJ 7 ISFJ 2 INFJ 3 INTJ 3 ISTP 2 ISFP 1 INFP 2 INTP 3 ESTP 2 ESFP ENFP 1 2 ENTP 2 ESTJ 2 ESFJ 3 ENTJ 3 ENFJ 3

Using Different “Lenses” • Quadrants Lens: Change • Temperament Lens: Leadership • Dynamics Lens: Problem-solving or decision-making

Quadrants Lens IS (12) IN (11) ISTJ ISFJ INTJ ISTP ISFP INTP ESFP ENTP ESTJ ESFJ ENTJ ES (8) ENFJ EN (10)

Quadrants and Change IS IN Thoughtful Realists Like to test their ideas to see whether they are supported by the facts; they want to deal with practical, concrete information in a careful and unhurried way. “Let’s keep it!” Thoughtful and Innovative Introspective and do their best work in theoretical fields where ideas and depth of understanding are important. They value knowledge for its own sake. “Let’s think about it differently!” ES EN Action-oriented Realists Action-oriented and Innovative Want to see that practical tasks are Value change, see possibilities as a carried out. They prefer a work key aspect of their work, and like to be environment where realistic, down-to- challenged and to challenge others. earth tasks and problems are managed. They tend to have a wide range of Prefer a culture that focuses on results interests and are willing to work with relating to people, data, or things. systems or relationships. “Let’s do it!” “Let’s change it!”

Introducing Change to the Quadrants IS IN Relate it to what I know. Relate it to new theories and concepts. • Make practical sense to me. • Let me work on change that has • Change at a steady pace, step by step. impact. • Don’t burden me with routines; let me • Be careful and mindful of details. set my own pace. • Give me time to think about it. • Let me set my own quality control and standards. ES EN Relate it to the work I do. • Show me the practical results change will bring. • Offer a steady progression, step by step. • Let me “hash it over” with others. • Show me that my work will be more effective if I make the change. Relate it to changing things in my world. • Challenge my imagination. • Minimize the routine; maximize the variety. • Let me work on the broad focus and overview of the change. • Let me try to change the world.

Temperaments Lens NF (10) NT (11) SJ (14) ISTJ ISFJ INTJ ISTP ISFP INTP ESFP ENTP ESTJ ESFJ ENTJ SP (6) ENFJ

SJ – Asks “What? ” ISFJ, ESFJ, ISTJ, ESTJ • • Loyal to system Duty Super-dependable Resists change Preserves traditions Precise “Don’t fix what isn’t broken” • Authority dependent • • Procedures Decisive Stability “Should”, “Should not” Social responsibility Structure Orderly

SJ Leader Traditionalist/Administrator • • • Work hard/keep busy Facts before action Briefed to last detail Results oriented Impatient with schedule/agenda changes Organize for stability Prefer written communications Discovered Murphy’s law Difficulty expressing appreciation Tendency to overkill

SP – Asks “When? ” ISTP, ISFP, ESTP, ESFP • • Free spirit Action-oriented Fun-loving Good in crisis situations “When all else fails, read directions” Impulsive Needs freedom and space Flexible/Adaptable • • • Realistic Uninhibited Enjoys the moment Practical Spontaneous Likes hands-on experience • Most joyful • Seeks change and variety

SP Leader Promoter/Troubleshooter • • • Work smart No wasted motion Opportunistic Everything is negotiable Focus is right now Little interest in tradition Impatient with theory/abstraction Express appreciation easily Can be unpredictable Can be too impulsive

NF – Asks “Who? ” INFJ, INFP, ENFJ • • • Interpersonal skills Supportive of others Sympathetic Relationships Seductive Possiblilities for people • Interaction • Cooperation • Vivid imagination • Mysterious • Hypersensitive to conflict • Search for self • Autonomy • Needs encouragement and recognition • Integrity • “Becoming”

NF Leader Democratic/Catalytic • • • Organizational climate over structure Good listener Good spokesperson Anti-authoritarian Emotional and persuasive Flair for dramatizing the mundane Might get overextended Can create dependencies Need to schedule renewal time Easily express appreciation of people

NT – Asks “Why? ” INTJ, INTP, ENTJ • • • High achievers Knowledge Objective perceptions Independent Self-doubt Intellectually curious Conceptualizers Non-conformist Competition with self • • Wordsmiths Principles Enjoys complexity Authority independent Architect of change Systems designers Argumentative What would happen if…?

NT Leader Visionary/Scientist • • • Systems/theory focused Organize around theoretical framework Architects of change Tend to stand on principle Powerful behind the scenes Masters of the technical Impatient with human conditions Responsive to intellectual appeals Express appreciation of ideas Tendency to overplan

Type Dynamics DOMINANT Least Preferred AUXILIARY Tertiary

MBTI ENERGY FLOW E ------------------I ATTITUDE P DATA GATHERING S ------------------N PERCEIVING FUNCTION J DECISION MAKING T ------------------F JUDGING FUNCTION ORIENTATION TO THE OUTER WORLD ATTITUDE J ------------------ P

Eight Extraverted and Introverted Dominant Functions Se Dominant Extraverted Sensing (ESTP & ESFP) Goal: to experience as much as possible; to have an unending variety of sensing experience Si Dominant Introverted Sensing (ISTJ & ISFJ) Goal: to form a solid, substantial, and accurate understanding of the world around them and their place in it Ne Dominant Extraverted Intuition (ENTP & ENFP) Goal: to find and explore new possibilities, new and exciting challenges Ni Dominant Introverted Intuition (INTJ & INFJ) Goal: to develop their inner intuitive patterns for understanding the world

Eight Extraverted and Introverted Dominant Functions Te Dominant Extraverted Thinking (ESTJ & ENTJ) Goal: to create logical order in their external world; to make their environment rational Ti Dominant Introverted Thinking (ISTP & INTP) Goal: to create logical order internally; to develop rational principles for understanding the world Fe Dominant Extraverted Feeling (ESFJ & ENFJ) Goal: to create harmony and cooperation in their external environment; to facilitate others in getting what they need and want Fi Dominant Introverted Feeling (ISFP & INFP) Goal: to develop their internal core of values, establish an external life that is congruent with them, and help both individuals and humankind fulfill their potential

Dominants’ Approach to Problem Solving S and N S N How is the problem best defined? What are the ramifications now? What goals are we working toward? How can time lines be established and what are the intermediate objectives? What costs are incurred – financial, emotional, etc. ? What are the common threads? What are the multiple alternatives? What is the relationship of the part to the system? What are the opportunities for growth? What are our hunches about this issue?

Dominants’ Approach to Problem Solving T and F T F Is this a legitimate issue? How does it affect the bottom line? What are the pros and cons? What is the relationship of cause to effect? What are the systemic qualities? What are people’s feelings concerning this? How can different sides be accommodated? What’s the most diplomatic way to proceed? What will increase harmony? How does this affect me and the people I care about?

How to Work with the Dominants Sensing Dominants It has to make sense Stability Intuitive Dominants It has to appeal to the imagination Change Thinking Dominants It has to be logical Effective Feeling Dominants It has to consider aspirations. Integrity

Use All Functions for Problem Solving Sensing Perception Determine the facts, givens, and other data. Assets and liabilities. Intuitive Perception Look at possibilities, ways to change, brainstorm. Future implications. Thinking Judgment Feeling Judgment Make an objective analysis of Look at the people the situation. consequences of different Look at logical consequences. options. Weigh against your values.

Journey “Learning to respect individual differences is not something that truly has an end; it is a learning that asks of us ongoing attention and a willingness to grow” C. R. Martin

Time to relax