Myers Psychology for AP David G Myers Power
- Slides: 82
Myers’ Psychology for AP* David G. Myers Power. Point Presentation Slides by Kent Korek Germantown High School Worth Publishers, © 2010 *AP is a trademark registered and/or owned by the College Board, which was not involved in the production of, and does not endorse, this product.
Unit 8 B: Motivation and Emotion: Emotions, Stress and Health
Unit Overview • • • Theories of Emotion Embodied Emotion Expressed Emotion Experienced Emotion Stress and Health Click on the any of the above hyperlinks to go to that section in the presentation.
Theories of Emotion
Theories of emotions • Emotion – Physiological arousal – Expressive behavior – Conscious experience • Common sense theory
Theories of emotions • James-Lange theory
Theories of emotions • James-Lange theory
Theories of emotions • James-Lange theory
Theories of emotions • Cannon-Bard theory
Theories of emotions • Cannon-Bard theory
Theories of emotions • Two-factor theory – Schachter-Singer
Theories of emotions • Two-factor theory – Schachter-Singer
Theories of emotions • Two-factor theory – Schachter-Singer
Theories of emotions
Embodied Emotion
Emotions and the Autonomic Nervous System • Autonomic nervous system – Sympathetic nervous system • arousing – Parasympathetic nervous system • Calming – Moderate arousal is ideal
Emotions and the Autonomic Nervous System
Emotions and the Autonomic Nervous System
Emotions and the Autonomic Nervous System
Physiological Similarities Among Specific Emotions • Different movie experiment
Physiological Differences Among Specific Emotions • Differences in brain activity – Amygdala- fear – Frontal lobes • Right: (-) emotions • Left: (+) emotions – Full of dopamine receptors – Nucleus accumbens » Natural/drug-induced pleasure – Polygraph
Cognition and Emotion Cognition Can Define Emotion • Spill over effect – Schachter-Singer experiment • Arousal fuels emotions, cognition channels it
Cognition and Emotion Cognition Does Not Always Precede Emotion • Influence of the amygdala
Expressed Emotion
Detecting Emotion • Nonverbal cues – Duchenne smile (activated muscles under the eyes and raised cheeks= natural smile) • Authentic expressions fade before 4 -5 seconds
Gender, Emotion, and Nonverbal Behavior
Gender, Emotion, and Nonverbal Behavior
Culture and Emotional Expression
Levels of Analysis for the Study of Emotion
Levels of Analysis for the Study of Emotion
Levels of Analysis for the Study of Emotion
Levels of Analysis for the Study of Emotion
The Effects of Facial Expressions • Facial feedback
Experienced Emotion
Fear • Adaptive value of fear • The biology of fear – amygdala
Anger • Anger – Evoked by events – Evoked by loved ones misdeeds • Especially when willful, unjustified, and avoidable – Catharsis – Expressing anger can increase anger can • Expressing anger as a non-accusing statement of feelings can benefit relationships by leading to reconciliation rather than retaliation
Happiness • Happiness – Feel-good, do-good phenomenon – Well-being
Happiness The Short Life of Emotional Ups and Downs • Watson’s studies
Happiness Wealth and Well-Being
Happiness Wealth and Well-Being
Happiness Two Psychological Phenomena: Adaptation and Comparison • Happiness and Prior Experience – Adaptation-level phenomenon • Happiness and others’ attainments – Relative deprivation
Happiness Predictors of Happiness
Stress and Health
Introduction • Health psychology • Behavioral medicine
Stress and Illness • Stress – Stress appraisal • Challenges vs. Threats v. Psychology 35
Stress and Illness The Stress Response System • Selye’s general adaptation syndrome (GAS) – Alarm • Due to the sudden activation of SNS – Resistance • Fight stressor • Sudden outpouring of stress hormones – Exhaustion • Become more vulnerable to illness
Stress and Illness General Adaptation Syndrome
Stress and Illness General Adaptation Syndrome
Stress and Illness General Adaptation Syndrome
Stress and Illness General Adaptation Syndrome
Stress and Illness Stressful Life Events • Catastrophes • Significant life changes • Daily hassles
Stress and the Heart • Coronary heart disease • Type A versus Type B – Type A – Type B v. The Mind 4
Stress and Susceptibility to Disease • Psychophysiological illnesses • Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) – Lymphocytes • B lymphocytes – Bacterial infections • T lymphocytes – Cancer, viruses, foreign substances – Stress and AIDS – Stress and Cancer
The End
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Teacher Information • Continuity slides – Throughout this presentation there are slides, usually of graphics or tables, that build on one another. These are included for three purposes. • By presenting information in small chunks, students will find it easier to process and remember the concepts. • By continually changing slides, students will stay interested in the presentation. • To facilitate class discussion and critical thinking. Students should be encouraged to think about “what might come next” in the series of slides. • Please feel free to contact me at kkorek@germantown. k 12. wi. us with any questions, concerns, suggestions, etc. regarding these presentations. Kent Korek Germantown High School Germantown, WI 53022 262 -253 -3400 kkorek@germantown. k 12. wi. us
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Definition Slides
Emotion = a response of the whole organism, involving (1) physiological arousal, (2) expressive behaviors, and (3) conscious experience.
James-Lange Theory = theory that our experience of emotion is our awareness of our physiological responses to emotion-arousing stimuli.
Cannon-Bard Theory = theory that an emotion-arousing stimulus simultaneously triggers (1) physiological responses and (2) the subjective experience of emotion.
Two-factor Theory = the Schachter-Singer theory that to experience emotion one must (1) be physically aroused and (2) cognitively label the arousal.
Polygraph = a machine, commonly used in attempts to detect lies, that measure several of the physiological responses accompanying emotion (such as perspiration and cardiovascular and breathing changes).
Facial Feedback = the effect of facial expressions on experienced emotions, as when a facial expression of anger or happiness intensifies feelings of anger or happiness.
Catharsis = emotional release. The catharsis hypothesis maintains that “releasing’ aggressive energy (through action or fantasy) relieves aggressive urges.
Feel-Good Do-Good Phenomenon = people’s tendency to be helpful when already in a good mood.
Well-being = self-perceived happiness or satisfaction with life. Used along with measures of objective well-being (for example, physical and economic indicators) to evaluate people’s quality of life.
Adaptation-level Phenomenon = our tendency to form judgments (of sounds, of lights, of income) relative to a neutral level defined by our prior experience.
Relative Deprivation = the perception that we are worse off relative to those with whom we compare ourselves.
Behavioral Medicine = an interdisciplinary field that integrates behavior and medical knowledge and applies that knowledge to health and disease. .
Health Psychology = a subfield of psychology that provides psychology's contribution to behavioral medicine.
Stress = the process by which we perceive and respond to certain events, called stressors, that we appraise as threatening or challenging.
General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) = Selye’s concept of the body’s adaptive response to stress in three phases – alarm, resistance, exhaustion.
Coronary Heart Disease = the clogging of the vessels that nourish the heart muscle; the leading cause of death in North America.
Type A = Friedman and Rosenman’s term for competitive, hard-driving, impatient, verbally aggressive, and anger-prone people.
Type B = Friedman and Rosenman’s term for easygoing, relaxed people.
Psychophysiological Illness = literally, “mind-body” illness; any stressrelated physical illness, such as hypertension and some headaches.
Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) = the study of how psychological, neural, and endocrine processes together affect the immune system and resulting health.
Lymphocytes = the two types of white blood cells that are part of the body’s immune system; B lymphocytes form in the bone marrow and release antibodies that fight bacterial infections; T lymphocytes form in the thymus and other lymphatic tissue and attack cancer cells, viruses, and foreign substances.
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