Mycology Major Cell Wall Polysaccharides glucan b 1

Mycology

Major Cell Wall Polysaccharides Ø ß-glucan (b 1, 3 glucose polymer with b 1, 6 branches) Ø mannoproteins (mannose polymer bound to proteins) Ø chitin (unbranched b 1, 4 N-acetyl-glucosamine polymer) Ø -glucan (unbranched a 1, 3 glucose polymer) Ø cellulose (unbranched b 1, 4 glucose polymer) Ø chitosan (b 1, 4 glucosamine polymer) Typical composition of fungal cell wall (ascomycetes, basidiomycetes): 60 -70% glucose, 15 -20% amino sugars (mainly NAG)

Fungal Cell Morphology 2 basic forms: molds and yeasts. molds: cells have the form of branching filaments (= hyphae). The aggregated mass of hyphae is called mycelium. yeasts: single round, oval or elongated cells. Multiply by budding or (sometimes) binary fission.

Fungal Classification 1. Superficial Mycoses 2. Cutaneous Mycoses 3. Subcutaneous Mycoses 4. Systemic Mycoses 5. Opportunistic Mycosis

Cutaneous Mycoses cont. : גורמים אקולוגיים Zoophilic Animals to Humans Geophilic Soil to Animals and Humans Anthropophilic - Humans to Humans

Opportunistic Mycosis cont. : לקבוצה זו שייכות הפטריות הבאות Candida sp, Aspergillus sp, Fusarium sp, Penicillium sp, Alternaria, Zygomycetes

Antifungal Agents

Polyenes: Amphotericin B, Nistatin Azoles derivatives: Fluconazole, Itraconazole, Miconazole, Ketoconazole, Clotrimazole etc. Terconazole, Oxiconazole Butoconazole, Voriconazole Allylamines/Thiocarbamates: Naftitine, Terbinafine, Tolnaftate. Griseofulvin 5 -Fluorocytosine Morpholines Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitors: Polyoxins, Nikkomycins; Papulacandins, Echinocandins

Polyene : תרופה שמקורה בפטרייה בשם . Streptomyces species. לא מסיסה לקבוצה שייכות Amphotericin b, Lipid formulation of AMP B, Nystatin.

Azoles-cont. Miconazole(Daktarin): Dermatophytes, oral candidiasis. Insoluble, Topical use, Not for onychomycosis. No major side effects. Clotrimazole (Agisten/Canasten): Vaginal candidiasis. Same as Miconazole.

Azoles-cont. Bifonazole (Agispor): Cream for skin, nails, Tinea versicolor, seborrheic dermatitis. Ketoconazole(Nizoral): Soluble-oral & topical. Yeast and Molds Cutaneous & systemic. Possible decrease of steroid hormone (testosterone) hepatotoxy. Tablets, Shampoo.

Azoles-cont. Triazoles: Fluconazole (Diflucan) & Itraconazole (Sporanox) Soluble, systemic mycosis, superficial mycosis. Oral, IV, Fluco- Brain passage. Resistance, Prophylaxis. Itra- Aspergillosis. Drug interaction.

Azoles-cont. Voriconazole: New, IV, Oral. Invasive Aspergillosis and Candidiasis. Fusaruim. Visual disturbance, Posaconazole (Noxafil): Oral, Prophylaxis-Candidiasis & Aspergillosis. Some activity against Zygomycosis.

Resistance אפשר לפתח רגישות לתרופה תוך : נרכשת . כדי שימוש Fluconazole (for Candida albicans), 5 FC, Itraconazole. : ( )פנימית inherent רגישות Fluconazole (non albicans), AMP, Caspofungin (Cryptococcus neoformans)