Mycobacterium tuberculosis The microbial world S Cerevisiae yeast

Mycobacterium tuberculosis The microbial world S. Cerevisiae (yeast)

Classifying Life Taxonomy – branch of biology concerned with grouping and naming organisms Historical Classification Systems -Used only morphological characteristics -Anatomy -Physiology -Fossil record Current Classification System -Uses genetic sequences (DNA, RNA, protein) -along with morphological data

Classifying Life Current Classification System 3 Domain System -Bacteria and Archaea domains contain prokaryotes -Domain Eukarya split into supergroups Opisthokonta Amoebozoa Plantae Rhizariao Excavata Stramenpila Eukarya Archea Alveolata Bacteria Eukarya further grouped into kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species Group organisms based on evolutionary relatedness

Microbial World Exploring microbial diversity Metagenomics - study of all the DNA in a particular environment DNA is isolated and sequenced Can be used to identify and group the organisms, as well as indicate functionality Minnesota Mississippi Metagenomics Project examining the microbial diversity along the Mississippi River

Domain Bacteria - The Cyanobacteria example: Gleocapsa Prokaryotic –no membrane-enclosed organelles (no nucleus) Autotrophic (“self feeding”) – makes organic molecules from inorganic ones. Phototrophic – obtain energy from light

Domain Eukarya; Kingdom Eulgenozoa example: Euglena Mixotroph - obtains food from inorganic sources and organic sources (other living organisms) Stigma (eye-spot) Flagellum

Domain Eukarya; Kingdom Viridiplantae Phylums Chlorophyta & Streptophyta Photoautotrophic – photosynthesizes Example: Chlamydomonas Closely related to plants Example: Spirogyra Example: Volvox

Domain Eukarya; Kingdom Alveolata examples: Paramecium and Blepharisma Heterotrophic (“other feeding”) – ingests other organisms Chemotrophic – obtain energy from oxidation of organic molecules

Phylum Rhizopoda example: Amoeba Chemoheterotrophic – engulfs prey phagocytosis pinocytosis Pseudopodia (“false feet”) -Cytoplasmic extensions