Myanmar Opium Survey 2004 2202021 Opium poppy cultivation
- Slides: 12
Myanmar Opium Survey 2004 2/20/2021
Opium poppy cultivation in 2004 estimated to have decreased to 44, 200 ha 29% decrease since 2003 66% cumulative decrease since 1998 and 73% since 1996 -73% US Department of State Go. UM - UNODC
The Union of Myanmar (former Burma) Shan State • Population : 52 million • GDP / capita: ~US$ 160 • 2 nd opium producer in the world after Afghanistan • Opium Poppy cultivation concentrated in the Shan State
Decrease mostly in Northern Shan State and in the Wa region
METHODOLOGY OF THE 2004 OPIUM SURVEY SHAN STATE In the Shan State: - 59 high-resolution satellite images (IKONOS, 4 -meter multispectral) - 68 opium fields measured - 598 villages surveyed
Opium poppy cultivation in the Golden Triangle since 1990: cumulative reduction of 77% between 1991 and 2004 -77%
2004 Myanmar opium production: record low at 370 tons Þ Potential heroin production decreased to 37 tons (-54% compared to 2003) 54%
No indication of increase in ATS production Reported seizure of ATS in Myanmar kg k g Reported seizure of ATS in neighbouring countries
Opium farm-gate prices increased by 80% Mong Pawk Opiun Price Monitor All Shan State Total potential farm-gate value of opium in 2004: US$87 million (1% – 2 % of GDP)
How does opium poppy cultivation stand up against other income generation activities? • 260, 000 households involved in opium poppy cultivation Non-Opium family 276 US$/year Opium family 214 US$/year
UNODC’s Response: Addressing Basic Human Needs § Opium farmers rely on poppy income to offset chronic rice deficits § 2005 opium ban in the Wa will exacerbate poverty of farmers, 2003 ban in Kokang had dramatic consequences § UNODC aims to address the basic human needs of poppy farmers and their families § Food security § Medical care § Education
Five Key Goals - UNODC Response (KOWI Programme): 1. Humanitarian • 2. Sustainability • 3. Reductions without alternatives open up the door for human rights abuses – forced relocation and labor Domestic political reform • 5. Consolidating achievements by offering alternatives Human rights • 4. Providing food security for the affected poor Current drug situation breeds instability and hinders political transition Regional security • Drugs create transnational problems from HIV/AIDS to corruption and money laundering
