Myanmar Energy Access Diagnostic Results based on MultiTier

Myanmar: Energy Access Diagnostic Results based on Multi-Tier Framework Date - 30 th May, 2019 Place - Beijing Mr. Thuya Aung Bo Deputy Chief Engineer Ministry of Electricity and Energy 1 Myanmar

Progress toward the universal access to electricity between 1990 and 2016 in East Asia Population without access to electricity in 1990 Indonesia, 69, 488, 225 Population without access to electricity in 2016 Myanmar, 26, 142, 167 Cambodia 7, 917, 335 Philippines, 9, 317, 817 Thailand China, 88, 362, 675 • • Pa … N… Philippines, Vietnam, 23, 469, 094 17, 656, 2… Cambodia G … In 1990, China is the largest access deficit country in East Asia followed by Indonesia. In Myanmar, 26 million people did not have access to electricity. Myanmar, 22, 735, 683 • • Papua New Guinea, 6, 230, 928 Indonesia 6, 214, 548 In East Asia and Pacific several countries, including China and Thailand, attained universal access by 2016. As of 2016, Myanmar is one of the largest access deficit countries in this region. ** Source: World Development Indicators (http: //databank. worldbank. org/data/reports. aspx? source=world-development-indicators) 2

Electrification Ratio & Per Capita Electricity Consumption in Myanmar Electrification Ratio by Grid Connection (As of 4/2019) Per-Capita Electricity Consumption(in k. Wh) 333 350 300 250 4. 874 6. 003 Mi l (55. 19%) Mi l (44. 81%) 281 263 222 200 150 108 100 163 141 131 50 8 20 1 17 - FY 20 20 17 16 - 20 20 16 FY 15 20 FY FY 20 14 - 20 15 20 14 13 - 20 20 13 FY 12 20 20 12 FY 11 20 FY 10 20 FY No of Electrified Household= 4. 874 Millions No of Un-electrified Household = 6. 003 Millions 20 11 - Per-Capita Electricity Consumption(in k. Wh) Total nos. of Household= 10. 877 Millions. Population of Myanmar by 2014 Censuses is 51. 46 Millions. 3

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MTF: Access to electricity Myanmar MTF: Key findings • 7. 5 million (70%) of households in Myanmar receive Tier 1+ services that qualify as energy access by SDG 7. 1: At least 4 hours of electricity per day (including 1 -2 hours per evening) and capacity is sufficient to power multiple light bulbs along with low-load appliances such as a television or a fan. • Off-grid energy solutions substantially supplement national grid in Myanmar: About half of households rely on off-grid energy solutions (48%). • 3. 2 million (30%) of households are in the lowest Tier for access (Tier 0) Nearly half of these households have no source of electricity, but remaining do not qualify for Tier 1. • National grid electricity is more prevalent in urban areas (85%) while off -grid electricity solutions provide electricity more than 60% of rural households. 8

MTF: Access to electricity Suggested Focus Areas for Access Improvement 1. Providing electricity to those without any source of electricity: More than 1. 4 million (13%) households in Myanmar have no electricity access. 2. Improving Availability and Capacity of Tier 0 households using off-grid energy solutions • These will help reaching universal access based on SDG 7. 1. • Ultimate goal is to bring everybody to Tier 5 level of service. 9

MTF: Access to modern cooking solutions Myanmar MTF: Key findings • More than 2. 7 million households (26%) in Myanmar currently use clean fuel stoves exclusively or in a combination with other biomass stoves • More than 6. 3 million households use firewood as main cooking fuel. Particularly, more than three quarters of rural households use firewood as their main cooking fuel. • 5. 1 million (48%) of households are in the lowest Tier for access to modern cooking solutions (Tier 0):

MTF: Access to modern cooking solutions Suggested Focus Areas for Access Improvement 1. Increase penetration of ‘efficient’ electric stoves: ü Cooking through electricity is low cost option for households, but inefficient from country perspective. ü Piped gas presents more efficient use of gas resources for larger cities, and supplemented by LPG through better distribution and pricing. 2. Expand the use of modernized biomass stoves: ü In parallel, it is important to enhance public awareness on ventilation structure 11

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