My little hike ODZ 3 Zvanche Bourgas Bulgaria

My little hike ODZ № 3 “Zvanche” Bourgas, Bulgaria 2016

The first stage of our journey with experiments

Dear Parents, Regarding the implementation of the activities of the project "Experiments - the best learning science" of Erasmus + , we would like to present interesting experiments that can be done with your child , following a city map. We invite you on a fascinating journey into the world of science. Many of today's parents are concerned about the early education of their children. Literally they start learning them how to read and count since they are born. But only a small part of the parents think that the youngest can be interested of other, more complex sciences without learning difficult formulas and definitions- physic, chemistry, biology, ect. If you look around, you will find that everything that surrounds us, it has physical and chemical nature, and this is so interesting for children. To explain the simple scientific concepts as a game is beyond the power of everyone, even those who have forgotten what they learned at school. Physic, chemistry and biology for the youngest? So it is not complicated at all! It only takes a little of imagination and the child will start asking for more and more experiments. And they will be of a great help when the child starts learning these subjects at school.

Content 1. Map of the city Bourgas. 2. Instructions about the maps and experiments : „ Choose an experiment “. 3. Maps and photos of the places , where it will be done experiments. 4. List of the experiment Experiment № 1 “Make a balloon rocket “ Experiment № 2 „The Incredible Hoop Glider“ Experiment № 3 “Build a soap powered model boat” Experiment № 4 “A color symphony” Experiment № 5 “ Fluffy popcorn ” Experiment № 6

Map of city Bourgas

1. Choose an experiment 1. Go from ODZ № 3 “Zvanche” to the Sea Garden. 2. Near the bridge is anchored a ship, on the deck you will find a box. Open the box. What did you find in it? . . ( photo of man ) 3. Find the man to the bridge , who will give an experiment. 4. Indicate the number of sheets in the hands of man? ………………………………………. 5. Choose a sheet with an experiment. What kind of color is the sheet , that you choose? . . . 6. Write the experiment’s name. ………………………………………. . 7. Read it and follow the instructions.

The second stage of our journey with experiments

Experiment № 1 Make a balloon rocket on the Seaside The bridge Go from the bridge down the stairs to reach to the beach. The beach

Experiment № 1 Make a balloon rocket 1. You need to take with you : -1 balloon (round ones will work, but the longer “airship” balloons work best) -1 long piece of kite string (about 10 -15 feet long) -1 plastic straw -tape 2. Carry out the experiment: Take one end of the string. Put the other end of the string through the straw. Pull the string tight and take an other end of the string. Blow up the balloon (but don’t tie it. ) Pinch the end of the balloon and tape the balloon to the straw as shown above: 1. 2. You’re ready for launch. Let go and watch the rocket fly!

Answer these questions: 1. Does the shape of the balloon affect how far (or fast) the rocket travels? 2. Does the length of the straw affect how far (or fast) the rocket travels? 3. Does the type of string affect how far (or fast) the rocket travels? (try fishing line, nylon string, cotton string, etc. ) 4. Does the angle of the string affect how far (or fast) the rocket travels? How does it work? So how does it work? It’s all about the air…and thrust. As the air rushes out of the balloon, it creates a forward motion called THRUST. Thrust is a pushing force created by energy. In the balloon experiment, our thrust comes from the energy of the balloon forcing the air out. Different sizes and shapes of balloon will create more or less thrust. In a real rocket, thrust is created by the force of burning rocket fuel as it blasts from the rockets engine – as the engines blast down, the rocket goes up!

Experiment № 2 The Incredible Hoop Glider! Go straight over the bridge to reach the terrace of it.

Experiment № 2 The Incredible Hoop Glider! 1. You need to take with you : - a regular plastic drinking straw - 3 X 5 inch index card or stiff paper - tape - Scissors 2. Carry out the experiment: - Cut the index card or stiff paper into 3 separate pieces that measure 1 inch (2. 5 cm) by 5 inches (13 cm. ) - Take 2 of the pieces of paper and tape them together into a hoop as shown. Be sure to overlap the pieces about half an inch (1 cm) so that they keep a nice round shape once taped. - Use the last strip of paper to make a smaller hoop, overlapping the edges a bit like before. - Tape the paper loops to the ends of the straw as shown here. (notice that the straw is lined up on the inside of the loops) - That’s it! Now hold the straw in the middle with the hoops on top and throw it in the air similar to how you might throw a dart angled slightly up. With some practice you can get it to go farther than many paper airplanes.

Answer these questions: 1. Does the placement of the hoops on the straw affect its flight distance? 2. Does the length of straw affect the flight? (You can cut the straws or attach straws together to test this) 3. Do more hoops help the hoop glider to fly better? 4. Do the hoops have to be lined up in order for the plane to fly well? How does it work? Can we really call that a plane? It may look weird, but you will discover it flies surprisingly well. The two sizes of hoops help to keep the straw balanced as it flies. The big hoop creates “drag” (or air resistance) which helps keep the straw level while the smaller hoop in at the front keeps your super hooper from turning off course. Some have asked why the plane does not turn over since the hoops are heavier than the straw. Since objects of different weight generally fall at the same speed, the hoop will keep its “upright” position. Name and surname……………………………………

Experiment № 3 Build a soap powered model boat Go back up the stairs to reach the Cultural center. Walking along on the main road will reach the fabulous playground. Near to it there is a small lake. This is the place where you will implement the experiment. 1 2 3

Experiment № 3 Build а soap powered model boat 1. You need to take with you : A foam tray (like the kind meat comes in) or a piece of non-currogated cardboard. Liquid dish soap. A toothpick. 2. Carry out the experiment: Cut the foam tray or cardboard into a boat shape as shown here: A good size seems to be about 2 inches long. Dip the toothpick into the liquid soap and use the toothpick to put soap onto the sides of the notch at the back of the boat. That’s it! Now carefully place the boat onto the surface of the water and watch it scoot across the water for several seconds – you’ve made a soap-powered boat! To demonstrate the boat again, you will need to rinse out the tray to remove any soap from the previous demonstration.

Answer these questions : 1. Does liquid soap last longer than a solid piece of soap? 2. Does warm water work better than cold water? 3. What materials make the best floating boat? How does it work? Soap is a surfactant – that means that it breaks down the surface tension of water. As the surface tension is broken up, it creates enough of a force to push the lightweight boat across the surface. Name and surname………………………………. .

Experiment № 4 A color symphony 1. Go back up the stairs to reach the Cultural center. Walking along on the main road you must go to a place called “Club for scientific experiments “. The address is : A residential complex “Lazur” , building 77 between the entrance 5 and 6. 1 3 2

Experiment № 4 A color symphony In this club you will find everything necessary for the implementation of the experiments. A flat tray (like a cookie baking tray) Food coloring (at least 3 different colors) Whole milk – low fat milk will not work for this experiment Liquid soap used for washing dishes Carry out the experiment : Carefully pour the milk into the tray so that it just covers the bottom Add about 6 -8 drops of different colored food coloring onto the milk in different spots Add about 5 drops of the liquid soap onto the drops of food coloring and watch the show! To clean up, simply pour the colored milk down the drain. (don’t drink it!)

Answer these questions : 1. What liquid dish soap works the best? 2. Does the shape of the tray affect the reaction? How does it work? So you know where the color comes from, but why milk and liquid soap? The main job of dish soap it to go after fat and break it down. Usually the fat is on dishes from the food we eat, but fat is also in whole milk. When you drop the liquid soap onto the tray, it tried to break down the fat in the milk. While it was doing that, it caused the colors to scatter and mix creating a very colorful display. Have fun! Name and Surname……………………………………

Experiment № 5 Fluffy popcorn 1. Go back home and carry out this experiments……

Experiment № 5 Fluffy popcorn Materials needed for two types of popcorn : First type: a pot, a bowl, a large spoon (for stirring ), corn grains, oil, salt , a hot plate Second type: a pot, a bowl, a large spoon, corn grains, a cube of butter, a pan, a hot plate. Carry out the experiment : First type: “Salted popcorn “ - Pour oil in a pot. Heat the oil. - Place the corn grains in the hot oil and cover pot. - Hear how the popcorn starts to burst. - Sprinkle over with salt. - Draw conclusion. Second type: “Sweet popcorn” - Pour oil in a pot. Heat the oil. - Place the corn grains in the hot oil and cover pot. - Hear how the popcorn starts to burst. - Caramelized sugar and add a little water. Stir. - Mix popcorn with caramelized sugar and stir again. - Pour into a buttered pan. Let the popcorn to cool. B th e ca e h ref A ot p ul w la it wi ct v te h e t ! h r th h y c a bu t i ot ar or rst t do oil efu fa to es , s lly ce th n’ o ! e s t ki n

Answer these questions : 1. How do little corn grains turn into fluffy popcorn, after processing? 2. How does hot oil affect to corn grains? 3. What does make the different taste of popcorn? How does it work? The substances have the ability to expand when heated, so heated bodies increase in size. Corn grain contains starch, a small amount of water and air. When grain is heated, the air inside expands rapidly, the water turns into steam, which is also rapidly expanding. As a result, the hard shell of the grain splits and it exploded. The corn grains turn into fluffy popcorn, after heat treatment. The popcorn are different (salted or sweet) , adding different ingredients. Name and Surname……………………………………

Experiment № 6 Make an electromagnet 1. Go back home and carry out this experiments……

Experiment № 6 Make an electromagnet Materials needed : а large iron nail (about 3 inches) аbout 3 feet of THIN COATED copper wire а fresh D size battery some paper clips or other small magnetic objects Carry out the experiment : 1. Leave about 8 inches of wire loose at one end and wrap most of the rest of the wire around the nail. Try not to overlap the wires. 2. Cut the wire (if needed) so that there is about another 8 inches loose at the other end too. 3. Now remove about an inch of the plastic coating from both ends of the wire and attach the one wire to one end of a battery and the other wire to the other end of the battery. See picture below. (It is best to tape the wires to the battery – be careful though, the wire could get very hot!) 4. Now you have an ELECTROMAGNET! Put the point of the nail near a few paper clips and it should pick them up! NOTE: Making an electromagnet uses up the battery somewhat quickly which is why the battery may get warm, so disconnect the wires when you are done exploring.

Answer these questions : 1. Does the number of times you wrap the wire around the nail affect the strength of the nail? 2. Does the thickness or length of the nail affect the electromagnets strength? 3. Does the thickness of the wire affect the power of the electromagnet? How does it work? Most magnets, like the ones on many refrigerators, cannot be turned off, they are called permanent magnets. Magnets like the one you made that can be turned on and off, are called ELECTROMAGNETS. They run on electricity and are only magnetic when the electricity is flowing. The electricity flowing through the wire arranges the molecules in the nail so that they are attracted to certain metals. NEVER get the wires of the electromagnet near at household outlet! Be safe – have fun! Name and Surname……………………………………

The third stage of our journey with experiments “ Pass it on “ Everyone conducted the experiment gives the map to another who will do the same ……In the end of the journey we are comparing the results………