Muzzleloading Muzzleloader term given to early firearms because

Muzzleloading Muzzleloader: term given to early firearms because they are loaded from the muzzle or open end of the gun

Early gunpowder: ► __________

First Firearms: ► Tubes _____ at one end ► Usually made of ______ or cast iron ► Sometimes made of _________________ ► Ignited using a lighted ______ or ______ ► “_______” caused by fast-burning powder launched metal objects

“Early Handguns”: ► ________ ► Hand-held to shoot cannon ► Shooter had to hold it, aim it, and light it at the same time

Matchlock (1400’s) ► Held with two hands ► When the trigger was pulled a lighted ____ could be lowered into a ________ containing gun powder

Parts: ► ______: trigger along with the jaws which held the wick formed an “S” shaped lever ► _______: closed end of the barrel

► _____: tiny hole drilled into the ______ ► _____: located next to the breech -after powder was ignited, it caused a chain reaction through the vent hole which lit the main charge.

Wheel Lock: A rough-edged steel wheel was used instead of a wick Once the trigger was pulled a coiled spring forced the wheel to spin against a piece of _________ The resulting sparks flew into the priming pan under the wheel

Flintlock (late 1500 s) ►A piece of ______ is held in the jaws of a hammer ► When the trigger is pulled, the hammer falls against a steel surface sitting over the priming pan • The steel pan cover (_____) falls out of the way as a result of the striking hammer thus exploding the pan powder

Kentucky & Pennsylvania Rifles Kentucky Rifle ► Made by colonists with the help of Swiss and Germans ► Long, slender barrels ► Aim better Pennsylvania Rifles

New Plains rifles ► Made by “Lancaster” ► Offshoots of Kentucy patterns

Tennessee Rifles ► Jake and Sam Hawkins made them famous on the frontier Sam Hawkins

Founders: ___________(1799) -mercury fulminate could be exploded by the blow of a hammer __________ (1807): -a Scottish minister -patented the fulminate ignition -father of the percussion lock system

Parts Continued ► ________: vented screws which hold percussion caps ► ________: Build up of residue

______: Used to clean vent if dirty or clogged ______: used to change nipples when vent is clogged or dirty _______: explosive caps used over nipples of caplocks to ignite main powder charge when struck by the hammer

Early Percussion Locks: ► Used pellets of fulminates (salt) inside a metallic foil cap placed over the vent

Later Percussion Caps: ► Used a metal cap laced over a nipple which contains the vent hole leading to the breech ► Now known as caplocks or percussion caps

Colt (1836) ► Patent the multi-shot design ► Now knows as the modern revolver

Flintlock and Percussion Caps ► The most popular in shooting competitions and hunting ► Less expensive, lighter, more reliable and easy to load and maintain

Chain Firing: When the chamber round fires, its sparks could accidently ignite loads in any of the other cylinders Protect each load in the cylinder with a coating of _______ to prevent

Hangfire: ► The gun might fire some time after the cap or flint created the initial sparks

3 basic types of ammunition ► _____-conical shape, lubricated before loading, some use a paper patch ► _____-loaded above the wad and below the “over-shot wad” (forerunner of the wad and crimp in today’s shotshells) ►_____– used mainly for target practice

________: -The only type of powder which should be used in a muzzleloader _______: synthetic substitute for blackpowder -causes a dense cloud of smoke -_____ sizes of granulation

______ Bag ► purse-like bag -you store “everything you could possible need” in one