MUTATIONS REVIEW GAME if the DNA codons are

MUTATIONS REVIEW GAME

if the DNA codons are CAT CAT, and a guanine base is added at the beginning, then what type of mustation would result?

Explain what a gene/point mutation is

3. Mutations can be: (a) random. (b) beneficial. (c) lethal. (d) heritable. (e) all of the above.

A frameshift mutation could result from: (a) a base insertion only. (b) a base deletion only. (c) a base substitution only. (d) deletion of three consecutive bases. (e) either an insertion or a deletion of a base.

Which point mutation would be most likely to have a catastrophic effect on the functioning of a protein? (a) a base substitution (b) a base deletion near the start of the coding sequence (c) a base deletion near the end of the coding sequence

Which of these statements could be a common misconception regarding point mutations? (a) They involve changes in one base pair. (b) They can cause drastic changes in polypeptide structure. (c) They always produce a change in the amino acid sequence of a protein.

Sickle cell anemia is probably the result of which kind of mutation? (a) point mutation only (b) frameshift mutation only (c) nondisjunction only (d) b and c, but not a

Using the genetic code table, identify a possible sequence of nucleotides in the DNA that would code for the polypeptide sequence Phenylalanine-Proline-Lysine. (1) AAA-GGG-UUU (2) TTC-CCC-AAG (3) TTT-CCA-AAA (4) AAG-GGC-TTC (5) UUU-CCC-AAA

Which of the following mutations would still allow protein X to be functional? • a. a missense mutation in the third codon of gene x • b. a silent mutation in the third codon of gene x • c. a nonsense mutation in the third codon of gene x • d. a frameshift mutation in the third codon of gene x

Gene mutations can be caused by: – Viruses – Radiation – Chemicals – All of the above

If the DNA strand reads ACTGCA, and is now read as ACGGCA, what type of mutation has occurred in this strand?

If a frameshift mutation causes a stop codon to be inserted into the DNA sequence • a. the resulting protein will not be affected • b. the phenotype will change but not the genotype • c. the resulting protein will be too short and non-functional • d. the resulting protein will be too long and non-functional

A nucleotide deletion in DNA replication • a. causes one amino acid of the protein to be incorrect • b. causes all of the amino acids of the protein to be incorrect • c. causes the amino acids inserted after the deletion to be incorrect • d. causes the amino acids inserted before the deletion to be incorrect • e. has no effect on the resulting protein

Which of the following would be the complementary strand to this section of DNA ATTCATACG, if a single substitution mutation occurs? • a. UAAGUAUGC • b. TATGAATGC • c. TAAGTATGG

What type of mutation occurs when a chromosome breaks in two places, a piece of the chromosome is removed and the chromosome pieces remaining re-join? • a. Inversion • b. Deletion • c. Translocation

What type of mutation occurs when a chromosome breaks in two places, a piece of the chromosome rotates and all the chromosome pieces re-join? • a. Inversion • b. Duplication • c. Translocation

• What is William’s Syndrome? • a. a disease that all people named William have • b. a genetic disorder characterized by heart problems and learning disabilities • c. a virus found only in South America • d. a traumatic injury caused by a hard hit to the head resulting in loss of memory

• • • What is another name for Down’s Syndrome? a. haemophilia b. Trisomy 21 c. Klinefelters d. Trisomy 23

• Marfan’s Syndrome affects which of the following? • a. The body’s connective tissue, such as skeleton, eyes…etc. • b. the heart, which produces extra LDL cholesterol and clogs the normal blood circulation • c. the red blood cells, which weakens them greatly and makes them an easy target for viruses and bacteria • d. The active site of certain enzymes that helps the body digest the BIG 4 Macromolecules

• Why is XYY not considered to be an actual syndrome? • a. Not enough people are affected by it • b. the characteristics are subtle and not dangerous • c. there is not enough data to say that this is a syndrome • d. because it is easily treatable

• Which of the following is false concerning Turners syndrome? • a. females with Turners can benefit from hormone therapy • b. females with Turners will benefit from regularly visiting a cardiologist • c. the symptoms of Turners syndrome cannot be treated • d. females with Turners are not able to have children due to underdeveloped ovaries

• Which race has the highest risk of having Cystic Fibrosis? • a. Caucasian • b. Hispanic • c. African –American • d. Asian

What is Cystic Fibrosis? a. an injury that occurs in the mitochondria b. sets of fibers in muscles c. a genetic condition in which the lungs and digestive system become clogged with mucus • d. occurs when a piece of chromosome 5 is missing • •

• Hemophilia is an x-linked recessive disorder; a son can get Hemophilia if he inherits…… • a. two normal XY chromosomes; Hemophilia normally arises spontaneously. • b. the recessive gene for blood clotting factor from his mother • c. the recessive gene for blood clotting factor from his father • d. the recessive gene for blood clotting from both his mother and father

• What is progeria? • a. a disease that affects chromosome 14, and creates odd cat like vocalizations • b. a type of protein made inside of cells that is responsible for pigment formation • c. an enzyme that breaks down the sugar progase • d. a very rare genetic disorder that causes premature aging

• What does the term “Mosaic Down Syndrome” mean? • a. two distinct cell groupings, in which some cells have 46 chromosomes, and some cells have 47 chromosomes • b. when the 23 rd chromosome pairs with the 12 th chromosome • c. when the 21 st chromosome splits into two cells • d. chromosome 17 is missing a pair

What is Cystic Fibrosis? a. an injury that occurs in the mitochondria b. sets of fibers in muscles c. a genetic condition in which the lungs and digestive system become clogged with mucus • d. occurs when a piece of chromosome 5 is missing • •

• Which race has the highest risk of having Cystic Fibrosis? • a. Caucasian • b. Hispanic • c. African –American • d. Asian

• Which of the following is false concerning Turners syndrome? • a. females with Turners can benefit from hormone therapy • b. females with Turners will benefit from regularly visiting a cardiologist • c. the symptoms of Turners syndrome cannot be treated • d. females with Turners are not able to have children due to underdeveloped ovaries

• Marfan’s Syndrome affects which of the following? • a. The body’s connective tissue, such as skeleton, eyes…etc. • b. the heart, which produces extra LDL cholesterol and clogs the normal blood circulation • c. the red blood cells, which weakens them greatly and makes them an easy target for viruses and bacteria • d. The active site of certain enzymes that helps the body digest the BIG 4 Macromolecules

• What is William’s Syndrome? • a. a disease that all people named William have • b. a genetic disorder characterized by heart problems and learning disabilities • c. a virus found only in South America • d. a traumatic injury caused by a hard hit to the head resulting in loss of memory

• Which of the following types of Albinism is the most common? • a. oculocutaneous b. x-linked c. hermanskypudlak d. chediak-higashi

• What causes the symptoms of Albinism? • a. the lack of sunlight and uv rays • b. a defect in one of several genes that produce or distribute melanin • c. too much exposure to uv light from the sun • d. all of the above

• A person with achondroplasia will have a mutation of the FGFR 3 gene, what does this gene code for? • a. growth maintenance • b. hormone production • c. cell repair • d. digestion

• If obesity is a possible symptom of achondroplasia, which of the following could be a direct or indirect result of that? • a. breathing problems • b. nonstop bleeding • c. swelling of the eyeballs • d. abnormally small esophagus

• What causes Klinefelter’s syndrome? • a. an extra X chromosome in the cells of a male • b. an extra Y chromosome in the cells of a male • c. an extra X chromosome in the cells of a female • d. the lack of one X chromosome in the cells of a female

• . Why is XYY not considered to be an actual syndrome? • a. Not enough people are affected by it • b. the characteristics are subtle and not dangerous • c. there is not enough data to say that this is a syndrome • d. because it is easily treatable