Mutations Foldable 1 Fold 3 pieces of paper

Mutations Foldable 1. Fold 3 pieces of paper, so you have 5 layered flaps 2. Write “Mutations” on the top flap as a title

On each flap write: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. What is a mutation? Point Mutations Chromosomal Mutations Advantages/Disadvantages Real Life Example

1. What is a mutation?

(Inside) On Top Half of 1 st Flap write: • Mutations- any change in DNA that may affect the expression of a gene – Proteins that produced as a result of mutations: 1. may fail to function 2. may change the phenotype of an organism • Mutations can be caused by mutagens. – Examples from the environment- UV light, chemicals, radioactive substances, X-rays

(Inside) On Bottom Half of 1 st Flap: Glue in the following picture & Label the following: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Strand D- DNA was mutated by UV light; circle the 5 th base- it should be T but now is C Strand H- m. RNA is made from mutated DNA template during transcription; circle the 5 th base- it should be A but now is G Stand N- Polypeptide chain (amino acid sequence); circle the 2 nd amino acid (THIS IS THE WRONG AMINO ACID!) O- Mutation is seen here first; mutation causes no color pigment to occur Flowers have no color!

2. Point Mutations

(Inside) On Top Half of 2 nd Flap write: • Point Mutations- a change in a specific base in the DNA that causes a “shift” in the reading frame causes a change in codons

(Inside) On Bottom Half of 2 nd Flap write: TYPES Glue in the following picture & Label the following: (1) (2) (3) Circle the substitution that has occurred; next to the picture write: Substitutions occur when one base is changed Circle the deletion that has occurred ; next to the picture write: Deletions occur when one base is removed or lost Circle the insertion that has occurred ; next to the picture write: Insertions occur when one base is added to a sequence of DNA

3. Chromosomal Mutations

(Inside) On Top Half of 3 rd Flap write: • Chromosomal Mutations- a change in a specific segment of the DNA both positive and negative affects – cause a protein to malfunction – cause a different protein to be made

(Inside) On Bottom Half of 3 rd Flap write: TYPES (1) (2) (3) (4) Glue in the following picture & Label the following: Color the segment of DNA that has been deleted; next to the picture write: Deletions occur when a segment of DNA has been removed Color the segment of DNA that has been inverted; next to the picture write: Inversions occur when a segment of DNA has been flipped Color the segment of DNA that has been translocated; next to the picture write: Translocations occur when a segment of DNA has moved to a different location on another chromosome Color the segment of DNA that has been duplicated; next to the picture write: Duplications occur when another copy of a segment of DNA is made