MUTATIONS Big Q What are mutations Big Q
MUTATIONS Big Q: What are mutations? Big Q: How do mutations affect genes?
ENGAGE - TELEPHONE ➤ Can we get the message through the whole class without a mistake? Pretend this happened with DNA when it was being copied from one cell to the What would happen?
EXPLAIN - MUTATIONS ➤ Mutations - heritable changes in genetic information ➤ Can occur in both genes or whole chromosomes: ➤ 1. Gene Mutations - incorrect genes in the code ➤ 2. Chromosomal Mutations - abnormalities to chromosome number or shape
EXPLAIN - GENE MUTATIONS ➤ Point Mutations - gene mutations are called point mutations because they occur at a single point in the DNA ➤ Types: ➤ 1. Substitutions - one base is changed to a different base ➤ 2. Insertions - insertion of one base ➤ 3. Deletions - deletion of one base Insertions and deletions are also known as frameshift mutations because they shift the reading frame of the genetic message
ELABORATE - READ THE SEQUENCE ➤ THEBOYSAWTHETANDOGRUN ➤ Insertion - THEBOYSAWATHETANDOGRUN ➤ Deletion - THEBOYSAWTETANDOGRUN ➤ Substitution - THEBOYSAWTANTHEDOGRUN
EXPLORE - WHAT DO THESE MEAN? ➤ Define the following: ➤ Delete - ➤ Invert - ➤ Duplicate -
EXPLAIN - CHROMOSOMAL MUTATIONS ➤ Types of mutations: ➤ 1. Deletion- loss of all or part of chromosome ➤ 2. Inversion - reverse direction of DNA in chromosome ➤ 3. Duplication - extra copy of part or all of a chromosome ➤ 4. Translocation - crossing over of chromosomes
ELABORATE - MODELING MUTATIONS ➤ Model frameshift mutations and substitutions with words and sentences. ➤ ****Answer all questions on your Quick Lab Worksheet
EXPLAIN - EFFECTS OF MUTATIONS ➤ Mutagens - chemical or physical agents in the environment that cause mutations ➤ Two Types: ➤ 1. Harmful Mutagens - change protein structure ➤ 2. Helpful Mutagens - enhance protein function Polyploidy - extra set of chromosomes
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