Mutations Bell Work Bell Work Describe the difference
Mutations
Bell Work
Bell Work ¬ Describe the difference between a point mutation and a frameshift mutation. Assignments: Protein Synthesis Lego Lab Learning Goal Vocabulary (Quiz Friday) Catch up on Assignments Stamps: Transcription/Translation Coloring Mutation Worksheet
Bell Work ¬Describe how all 3 types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis. ¬Assignments: – Protein Synthesis Lab – Mutations ¬Stamps: Protein Synthesis Parts B and C
Bell Work ¬Are all mutations harmful? Explain your answer. ¬Assignment: Mutation Notes/Practice ¬Stamps: Have these out! – DNA Replication Worksheet – Protein Synthesis Worksheet – Mutation by Analogy
Bell Work ¬Review the steps of protein synthesis by filling out the diagram you picked up. ¬Assignment: Mutations Review &Turn In Snorks Assignment
GENE MUTATION A gene mutation (like the one that causes polydactyly, sickle-cell anemia, Tay Sachs) is when the base sequence (A, T, C, G) of DNA is altered. . . which changes the m. RNA codon during transcription. . . which codes for the wrong amino acid. . . which produces an abnormal protein!!!
A Mutation is a change in genetic material ¬Gene mutations – Produce a change in a single gene ¬Chromosomal mutations – Produce a change in a whole chromosome
Gene Mutations ¬ Point mutation ¬ Mutations involving one or only a few nucleotides. – When one base is changed (substituted) to another ¬ Equivalent to changing one letter in a sentence – original The fat cat ate the wee rat – mutation The fat hat ate the wee rat
Gene Mutations ¬ Frameshift mutation ¬ When one or more bases are added or removed. This causes the reading frame to change or shift. – This can result in a meaningless and often shortened protein. ¬ Equivalent to adding or removing letters in a sentence. – original The fat cat ate the wee rat – mutation The fat caa tet hew eer at
Chromosomal Mutations ¬Deletion ¬Affect the whole chromosome ¬Can be small, like the removal of one codon sequence, or larger like the removal of an entire gene on the chromosome. ¬One example is the removal of a word. – original The fat cat ate the wee rat – mutation The fat ate the wee rat
Chromosomal Mutations ¬Duplication ¬When one part of the chromosome gets copied and inserted back into the chromosome. ¬An example is when a word is duplicated in a sentence. – original The fat cat ate the wee rat – mutation The fat cat ate the wee rat
Chromosomal Mutations ¬Inversion ¬An entire section of DNA is reversed. – May involve only a few bases or several genes ¬Equivalent to part of a sentence being flipped around or inverted – original The fat cat ate the wee rat – mutation The fat tar eew eht eta tac
Chromosomal Mutations ¬ Translocation ¬ When part of one chromosome swaps places with part of another chromosome. ¬ This would be the same as if two sentences broke apart and recombined with each other. – original The fat cat ate the wee rat The big dog ran – mutation The fat cat ate dog ran The big the wee rat
Mutations ¬ Most mutations have little or no effect on gene expression. ¬ Mutations that cause dramatic changes can be harmful and disrupt normal biological activities.
Mutations ¬ Mutations may also produce proteins that have new or altered activities that can be useful. ¬ This is most often seen in plants and animals. ¬ Polyploid plants are often larger and stronger than diploid plants.
Polyploidy ¬ Polyploidy is the condition in which an organism has extra sets of chromosomes. ¬ This happens when a complete set of chromosomes fails to separate during meiosis.
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