Muslim Mongol Empires 500 1350 AD I Rise
- Slides: 50
Muslim & Mongol Empires (500 -1350 AD)
I. Rise of Islam –monotheistic religion centered in the Middle East (people who follow Islam are called Muslims)
A. Muhammad- in 610 became prophet of God (Allah), by 622 he and his followers expelled from Arabian city of Mecca
1. In 630 Muhammad & followers defeat Mecca, all of Arabia converted to Islam by Muhammad’s death in 632 AD
2. Islamic faith- holy book Qur’an, built mosques, emphasis on jihad (holy war), traditional values
Al-Haram Mosque (Saudi Arabia)
Kaaba
Dome of the Rock Mosque (Israel/Palestine)
Interior of the Dome of the Rock Mosque
B. Spread of Islam- successors to Muhammad called caliphs (powerful religious/political/military leaders) 1. Umar leads Arab armies that convert/conquer the Middle East, North Africa, India, Spain
Expansion of Islam
The Franks battle the Muslims at the battle of Tours in 732 AD
C. Division- Umar’s successors murdered, Islam broken into 2 branches: Sunni & Shi’ah
1. Sunni- believed best man should be selected caliph 2. Shi’ah- wanted only descendents of the first caliphs to lead the faith
*Based on what you know, which branch of Islam (Sunni/ Shi’ah) do you think has more members today? Why?
D. Islamic civilization & culture
1. Traders- silk, cotton, wool, carpets, jewelry, metalwork, perfume, swords, glassware, spices, leather, pottery
The Alhambra (Spain)
2. Spread Arabic language, all laws based on Qur’an, father given all authority, stressed basic morals
Arabic Writing
Arabic Alphabet
E. Science- combine knowledge from Greece/Rome/India/China, established advanced universities
1. Medicine- catalogued diseases, performed operations
2. Math- developed number system based on 10, later created algebra (from Al-jabr) XVIII XXIV 18 24
Astrolabe
F. Decline- Unity/power of early Arab Islamic empire broken 1. Many Muslim cities destroyed by Mongols (12 -1300’s)
G. By 1100, Turks dominate the Muslim world, begin the Ottoman Empire, & conquered the Byzantine Empire in 1453
Constantinople Becomes Istanbul (1453)
Hagia Sofia (Turkey)
INTERIOR OF THE HAGIA SOPHIA
1. Ottomans conquer SE Europe and reach their peak in the 1500’s under Sultan Suleiman (“the Magnificent”)
Suleimaniye Mosque (Turkey)
Ottoman Empire (1000 -1700)
Islam Today
II. Mongols- warlike, nomadic people originated from central Asia
A. Mongol tribes united by Genghis Khan around 1200, used mounted cavalry in fast attacks to win an empire
Genghis Khan
Mongol Homeland
Karakorum
Mongol Cavalry In Battle
The Mongol Bow
B. Conquest- by early 1200’s Genghis conquered Northern China, and much of Asia
1. Grandson Kublai added rest of China, Middle East, Russia, and parts of Eastern Europe killing millions
Mongol Expansion (1200 -1300)
Mongol Empire
2. Rule- largest land empire in history, heavily taxed conquered people, 1 st to use paper money, helped to restore world trade, tolerant of various cultures
C. Decline- by 1400’s many Mongols were absorbed into local populations, empire disintegrated 1. China regained independence with the Ming Dynasty (ruled 1368 -1644)
- How are maritime and land based empires similar
- Guided reading activity 2-4 the rise of new empires
- A union b example
- Rise and rise again
- Tricky dicky richard nixon
- Rise again and again until lambs
- 450 ip champions
- Sudut segi n beraturan
- Sudtradhara
- Diketahui koordinat kutub.
- Medieval times commercial
- Renaissance 1350
- Sudut sejajar
- Renaissance 1350
- 3500 / 500
- Asian massage mongol
- Mongol empire memes
- The difference between empire and kingdom
- How did kublai khan organize mongol rule in china
- Mongol redő
- Mongol írás
- The mongol empire spans eurasia answer key
- The mongol empire spans eurasia answer key
- Mongol hierarchy
- Empire mongol apogée
- What was the impact of russia’s “mongol years”?
- How did kublai khan organize mongol rule in china
- Mongols vs vikings
- Mongol redő
- The mongol empire as a eurasian network
- Hypotelorismus
- What was the impact of russia’s “mongol years”?
- Mongol hierarchy
- Cambulac mongolia
- 3 gunpowder empires
- What led to the decline of the gunpowder empires
- Empires
- The maurya and gupta empires
- Map of the mayans incas and aztecs
- Carte empire coloniaux 1740
- Tamerlame
- Ancient empires jar
- Political transformations empires and encounters
- Impaler state of decay 2
- First age of empires
- Chapter 32 the building of global empires
- Empires
- Chapter 33 the building of global empires
- Chapter 16 people and empires in the americas
- Imperyong ghana mali at songhai
- Empires