Music History The Baroque Period 1600 1750 A

Music History The Baroque Period 1600 -1750 A. D.

Music History 1. In a revival of Greek drama by Florentine intellectuals, composers wanted to bridge song and speech. When the first opera full length drama set to music was composed, ______ was born. intellectuals or aristocrats 2. At first, opera only appealed to the ____________. 3. Opera reached its greatest popularity in the Italian city of Venice _____, the center of adventurous music activity. 1637 4. Venice’s first public opera house was built in _______. 350 new operas were performed. 5. During the next 60 years, ______ 6. The action in the opera would stop momentarily for a flowing aria melody called an _____.

Music History E. Baroque --- 1600 - 1750 AD (worksheet) beautiful ____. singing 7. Bel canto means _____ male voice. 8. A castrato is a special type of _______ 9. In the 1600’s, the opera house was a _____ social center. Audiences ate, talked, and gambled, pausing only to hear their favorite arias. dynamic 10. Gabrielli was one of the first composers to specify _____ gradations, or levels of loudness, in the music. flamboyant and overly ornate 11. Baroque means: _______________. polyphonic that is, it gave 12. Most Renaissance music was _______ equal importance to each voice line.

Music History E. Baroque --- 1600 - 1750 AD (worksheet) 13. The opposite of polyphonic music, music that is based on one melody with harmonic accompaniments, is _________. homophonic 14. In the Baroque, composers divided music into contrasting happyand the minor types; the major tonality represented ____ sad tonality represented ______. 15. During the Baroque, amateur and semi-professional Instrumental ensembles sprouted in towns all over Europe. _______ music began to develop its own forms and styles. 16. Pieces of music were written for the _____ moment with little thought of lasting value. 17. Stringed instruments reached their maturity during the Baroque. The _______ violin became fully developed during this period.

Music History E. Baroque --- 1600 - 1750 AD (worksheet) Concerto Grosso 18. ______, a piece for a larger instrumental group, was also popular. 19. Composers were supported by the _____ church or by the aristocrats _______ with whom they sometimes lived. 20. Younger composers developed their skills by studying with _______ older composers, copying music by hand. Lully was born in Italy, but settled in 21. Jean Baptiste ____ France to compose opera. harpsichord 22. The _________ was the most popular keyboard instrument of the time. 23. Antonio Vivaldi composed operas that were performed often but also composed more than ______ 450 concertos.

Music History E. Baroque --- 1600 - 1750 AD (worksheet) 24. Organ music in Germany, where older styles persisted longest featured an Italian form called a _____. toccata Mass expanded into a standardized musical form of 25. The ______ grand proportions. Handel was a German composer who 26. George Frederic ____ studied in Italy, but moved to England to compose. 27. Handel’s oratorio “The Messiah” was the most ________ popular oratorio ever written. 28. Handel was one of the _______ wealthiest and most popular composers of his time. 29. Handel’s music has never gone out of _______. fashion/style

Music History E. Baroque --- 1600 - 1750 AD (worksheet) 30. Johann Sebastian Bach was from _____ Germany and spent most of his life working as a composer in a Lutheran church school ________. 20 children!!!! 31. Bach had ______ composers 32. Bach often rearranged the music of other ______, improving structural details. 1, 000 works in all forms 33. JS Bach composed more than _______ opera but _____. 34. Bach was regarded by his colleagues as a highly skilled technician _______. 35. Toward the end of Baroque period, the spirit of the time was simplicity music toward greater _______.

Music History E. Baroque --- 1600 - 1750 AD (worksheet) 1750 is considered the end of 36. The year of Bach’s death _______ the Baroque period. “EXTRA CREDIT”: 1. From the explanation of the workings of the harpsichord, it percussion/string is a member of which family of instruments? ________ 2. One word that was used to describe the Baroque period is: CONTRAST ________ (8 letters)

Music History Music of the period is divided between vocal and instrumental music VOCAL: Opera -also known as “musical drama” -Operas are dramas or stories, acted out on a stage, in which the performers sing their words instead of speaking them.

-Opera often included large sets, elaborate costumes, and even fireworks and special effects. -The stories were often based on ancient Greek myths.

Music History E. Baroque --- 1600 - 1750 AD a. Opera (continued) -two types of singing in an opera: 1. Aria - beautiful, flowing songs that express powerful emotions. The most memorable parts of operas. 2. Recitative - “speech singing”: the dialogue and storytelling portion of the opera. Usually involves conversation between characters.

Music History E. Baroque --- 1600 - 1750 AD b. Oratorio -The same as opera with two differences. 1. The story of an oratorio must come from the Catholic Bible. (that means that it is sacred music) 2. The story is NOT acted out on stage. The performers simply stand on stage and sing the music. There are no costumes or special effects.

Music History E. Baroque --- 1600 - 1750 AD 3. Important Composers (continued) b. George Frederic Handel -born in Germany -studied music in Italy -wrote music in and spent most of his life in England -wrote many styles of music including opera, sonatas, concerto grossos, solo concertos, and masses -most famous for writing oratorio (his most famous oratorio was The Messiah) Hallelujah Chorus from Messiah” “The

Music History E. Baroque --- 1600 - 1750 AD 3. Instrumental Music a. Sonata -a piece of music for a solo instrument -sometimes a harpsichord might play accompaniment -in Sonata-Allegro Form (has three movements or sections) b. Concerto Grosso -music that alternates between a large group of instruments and a small group (2 -4) of instruments -three movements (fast slow fast)

Music History E. Baroque --- 1600 - 1750 AD 3. Instrumental Music (continued) c. Solo Concerto -music that alternates between a large group of instruments and a SOLO instrument -three sections (fast slow fast) d. The most popular keyboard instrument of the Baroque period was the harpsichord.

Music History E. Baroque --- 1600 - 1750 AD 3. Important Composers a. Antonio Vivaldi -from Italy -a Catholic Priest and a composer (nicknamed the Red Priest) -famous for writing concerto grossos, solo concertos, and operas. (450 concertos) -loved writing music for string instruments Concerto: The Four Seasons: Spring

Music History E. Baroque --- 1600 - 1750 AD 3. Important Composers (continued) c. Johann Sebastian Bach -from Germany -first of the Three B’s (the three most influential composers of all time--Bach, Beethoven, Brahms) -worked at a Lutheran Church School. -wrote over 1000 pieces of music in all forms but opera, but he wrote mostly sacred music -he had 20 children, and some of them became composers (large family!!!)

Famous Pieces: Toccatta and Fugue (for organ) Jesu, Joy of Man’s Desiring (cantata)

Music History E. Baroque --- 1600 - 1750 AD 4. The Patronage system continued through the Baroque period. 5. The one word that best describes the Baroque period is CONTRAST a. Loud vs. Soft b. High vs. Low c. Large group vs. Small group d. Happy vs. Sad