Musculoskeletal System Musculoskeletal system refers to the muscles

Musculoskeletal System

Musculoskeletal system refers to the muscles and skeleton of the human body. Our muscles and skeleton work together to protect organs, enable movement and give the body its general shape.

The Skeletal System

The Skeletal System • The skeleton is a group of bones and cartilage which provide a framework for the muscle attachment. • The skeleton helps protect the body’s vital organs. For example: - the rib cage protects the lungs and heart. - the skull protects the brain. • Bone marrow produces our blood cells (illustration on the following page)

A Look at Bone Marrow

Joints • A joint (join - t) is the area where two bones connect. • A joint enables us to bend, twist and rotate. • Most joints are moveable.

Four Types of Moveable Joints Name Function Ball-and-Socket Enable bones to move Joints in all directions. Hinge Joints Enable bones to move in two directions. Pivot/Rotating Joints Enable side to side rotation. Gliding Joints Enable flat bones to glide over each other Example -hips - shoulders -knees -elbows -neck -hands - spine

Four Types of Moveable Joints gliding

The Muscular System

Muscular System • Muscles attach to the skeleton whereby: – holding the skeleton together – giving the body its general shape – enabling movement • Muscle contractions help to control body processes such as breathing, digestion and blood flow. • Skeletal muscles are voluntary muscles.

Voluntary and Involuntary Muscles: 1. Voluntary: Muscle contractions are controlled. Example: skeletal muscles (biceps and triceps) 2. Involuntary: Muscle contractions occur automatically. Example: cardiac (heart) muscles