Musculoskeletal Anatomy KCOM Anatomy Fellows Musculoskeletal system Provides

Musculoskeletal Anatomy KCOM Anatomy Fellows

Musculoskeletal system • Provides us with form, stability, support, and movement • Comprised of bones, muscles, cartilage, tendons, ligaments, joints, and connective tissue

Skeletal and Muscular • • • Skeletal: Protection Structural support Enables movement Produce blood cells Store minerals and lipids • Muscular: • Protection • Allows movement of skeleton • Drives cardiorespiratory system • Digestion of food

Skeletal System

Skeletal System

Muscular System

Types of Muscle • Cardiac • Smooth • Skeletal

Skeletal Muscle

Functional unit of skeletal muscle

Muscles by function and region • Flexion: -Decreasing angle between two structures • • • Flexors: Biceps Forearm flexor group Hamstrings Gastrocnemius • Extension: -Increasing angle between two structures • • Extensors: Triceps Forearm extensor group Quadriceps

Extremity terminology • Upper extremity: • Proximal: arm • Distal: forearm • Lower extremity: • Proximal: thigh • Distal: leg

Elbow flexors • • Biceps brachii Brachialis Brachioradialis Brachi-prefix referring to arm • Innervated by musculocutaneous nerve

Elbow extensors • Triceps brachii • Anconeus • Innervated by radial nerve

Forearm flexors • • • Pronator teres Flexor carpi radialis Flexor carpi ulnaris Palmaris longus Flexor digitorum superficialis Flexor digitorum profundus Flexor pollicis longus Pronator quadratus Innervated by median nerve, except FCU (ulnar)

Forearm extensors • • Extensor digitorum Extensor digit minimi Extensor carpi ulnaris Supinator Abductor pollicis brevis Extensor pollicis longus Extensor indicis Innervated by Radial nerve

Knee flexors • Semimembranosus • Semitendinosus • Biceps femoris (long and short head) • Gastrocnemius • Posterior thigh innervated by Sciatic nerve • Gastrocnemius innervated by Tibial nerve

Knee extensors • • Rectus femoris Vastus intermedius Vastus medialis Vastus lateralis • Innervated by femoral nerve

The other players • • • Joints Tendons Ligaments Cartilage Nerves

Knee Joint • Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL): prevents anterior displacement of tibia • Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL): prevents posterior displacement of tibia • Menisci: stabilize knee and transfer load from femur to tibia

Knee Joint

Break then dissect!