Muscular System Objectives 1 Review anatomical terminology 2

Muscular System Objectives: 1. Review anatomical terminology. 2. Review types of joint movements. 3. Compare and contrast types of muscle.

What is the opposite of: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Inferior Anterior Medial Distal Superficial

More review and assignments: • Figure 17 -2 (Lab Manual) • Venn diagram of the three types of muscle. Add any other general information you know about muscle. • Homework: – Add Chapter 8 roots, prefixes, and suffixes to medical terminology sheet (Vocabulary quiz on Wednesday!!!) – Medical journal article on a disease or disorder of the muscular system due on test day

Muscle Tissues 1. Skeletal muscle tissue (“voluntary”) – Long, threadlike cells – Striations: alternating light and dark crossmarkings – Each cell has many nuclei just beneath the cell membrane.

Muscle Tissues (cont. ) 2. Smooth muscle tissue (“involuntary”) – No striations – Cells are shorter than skeletal muscle, spindleshaped, and have one, centrally located nucleus. – Line walls of internal organs

Muscle Tissues (cont. ) 3. Cardiac muscle tissue – heart – Striated and joined end-to-end – Each cell has only one nucleus. ? ? ?

Types of Muscle Tissue (p. 185):

Skeletal Muscle Actions • Movement depends on type of joint the muscle is associated with • Origin & Insertion: – Origin – the end of the muscle that is fastened to a relatively immovable or fixed part – Insertion – the end connected to the movable part on the other side of the joint – When muscles contract, its insertion is pulled toward its origin (EX: biceps brachii)

Interaction of Skeletal Muscles • Prime mover – the muscle responsible for MOST of the movement (aka, agonist) • Synergist - ? ? ? • Antagonist - ? ? ?

Major Skeletal Muscles • Names may indicate location, size, shape, action, number of attachments, or direction of muscle fibers: • Pectoralis major • Deltoid 1 2 3 • Extensor digitorum 4 5 • Biceps brachii • Sternocleidomastoid • External oblique

Muscles of Facial Expression • “It takes more muscles to frown than it does to smile. ” • More than 600 skeletal muscles in the body – 60 in the face! – 40 used to frown – 20 used to smile • Smallest muscle is the stapedius, in the middle ear • Largest - ? ? ? • Longest - ? ? ?

Muscles of Facial Expression (p. 188) and Mastication (p. 190) ***Epicranius has 2 parts: frontalis and occipitalis.

Muscles That Move the Head Add these muscles to your head drawing.

Muscles That Move the Pectoral Girdle (p. 191) • Closely associated with those that move the arm • Many move the scapula up, down, backward, and forward

Muscles That Move the Arm • Grouped according to primary actions: – Flexors • Coracobrachialis • Pectoralis major – Extensors • Teres major • Latissimus dorsi – Abductors • Supraspinatus • Deltoid – Rotators • Subscapularis • Infraspinatus • Teres minor

Muscles That Move the Arm (p. 193)

Muscles That Move the Forearm • Flexors – Biceps brachii – Brachialis – Brachioradius • Extensor – ? ? • Rotators – Supinator – Pronator teres – Pronator quadratus (square shaped)

Muscles That Move the Forearm (p. 194)

Muscles That Move the Wrist, Hand, and Fingers • Flexors – Flexor carpi radialis – Flexor caroi ulnaris – Palmaris longus – Flexor digitorum profundus • Extensors – Extensor carpi radialis longus – Extensor carpi radialis brevis – Extensor carpi ulnaris – Extensor digitorum

Muscles That Move the Wrist, Hand, and Fingers (p. 195)