Muscles Origins and Insertions Muscles from pg 44
- Slides: 30
Muscles Origins and Insertions
Muscles from pg. 44 -45 in text Muscle Name Function Describe movements Origin Insertion Sternocleidomastoid Agonist Flexes and rotates the head Sternum Clavicle Mastoid process Broad superficial muscle running up each side of the neck Muscle Name Function Describe movements Origin Insertion Splenius Runs posterior joins skull and spine Agonist Flexes and rotates the head Cervical & thoracic vertebrae Temporal &occipital lobes
Neck Muscles
Thoracic Cage Muscles Muscle Name Function Describe movements Origin Insertion Longissimus Lateral to spinalis Agonist Laterally Flexes and extends the spine Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar vertebrae Mastoid process & cervical vertebrae Spinalis Most medial attaches to vertebrae Agonist Laterally Flexes and extends the spine Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar vertebrae Mastoid process & cervical vertebrae Illiocostalis Most lateral Agonist Laterally Flexes and extends the spine Saccrum, Lumbar vertebrae, Ribs Cervical vertebrae & Ribs
Back Muscles
Thoracic Cage Muscles Muscle Name Function Describe movements Origin Insertion Diaphragm Agonist Anatomical Divider Decreases pressure in the thoracic cavity Sternum, Ribs, Lumbar vertebrae Central tendon Intercostals Muscles in between ribs Agonist Elevates, Depresses ribs Inferior aspect of all ribs Superior aspect of all ribs Transverse Thoracis Triangle muscles under ab wall Agonist Pulls abdominal wall invward Sternum, Xiphoid process Cartilidge of ribs 2 -6
Thoracic Cage
Abdominal Muscles Muscle Name Function Describe movements Origin Rectus Abdominus Agonist Wash board look Flex trunk, Aids in some expiration Child birth Symphysis Xiphoid Process pubis & pubic Inferior ribs crest External Obliques Agonist Flex and rotate the Lower eight vertebral column ribs Iliac Crest, Pubis Quadratus Lumborum Deep muscle Agonist Extend and laterally bends the vertebral column 12 th Rib and upper lumbar vertebrae Iliac Crest and Lumbar vertebra Insertion
Abdominals
Moving Upper Limb Muscle Name Function Describe movements Origin Insertion Pectoralis Major Thick Muscles covering the chest Prime Mover Internal rotation, adduction and flexion of the arm Clavicle, Sternum, Costal cartilage of first 6 ribs. Intertubercular groove Latissimus Dorsi “Lats” V shape Prime Mover Adductor, Extensor and internal rotator of the arm Lower Humerus Thoracic and Lumber verts. Iliac Crest and sacrum
Rotator Cuff Muscle Name Function Describe movements Origin Insertion Supraspinatus Agonist Stabilize shoulder joint. Abducts shoulder Above scapular spine (supraspinous fossa) Greater Tubercle of Humerus Infraspinatus Agonist Stabilize shoulder Below scapular joint. Lateral rotation spine (infraspinous fossa) Greater Tubercle of Humerus Teres Minor Agonist Stabilize shoulder Lateral border of joint. Lateral rotation. scapula Greater Tubercle of Humerus Subscapularis Stabilizer Rotates medially and Iliac Crest and stabilizes shoulder Lumbar vertebra Lesser Tubercle of Humerus
Scapular Muscles Muscle Name Function Describe movements Origin Insertion Trapezius Agonist Scapular elevation, adduction, retraction, upward rotation & extends neck Occipital bone, Cervical & thoracic vertebrae Spine of Scapula, acromion process &clavicle Rhomboids Major & Minor Agonist Assist Traps in downward rotation of scapular &adduction of scapula Maj. T 2 -T 5 Min. C 1 -T 1 Medial border of the scapula Levator Scapulae Agonist Elevates scapula Base of skull & upper Upper medial cervical vertebrae border of scapula Serratus anterior Stabilizer Upward rotation & abduction of the scapula Ribs 1 -8 Medial border of the scapula
Scapular Muscles cont. Muscle Name Function Describe movements Origin Insertion Pectoralis Minor Agonist Elevates ribs & Depresses Scapula Ribs 3, 4, 5 Coracoid process
Muscles that move Humerus Muscle Name Function Describe movements Origin Insertion Deltoids Three heads Anterior, lateral, posterior Agonist Laterally abducts arms, Medial and lateral rotation From the Humerus clavicle to the (Deltoid acromion to tuberosity) scapular spine Coracobrachialis Agonist Flexor and arm adductor Coracoid Process Humerus Teres Major Agonist Medial rotator and adductor Lateral Border of the scapula Humerus
Elbow Flexors & Extensors Muscle Name Function Describe movements Origin Insertion Bicep Brachii Agonist Supinator and flexor of the arm 2 places Short head on corracoid Long Head superior glenoid fossa Radius Radial TUberosity Brachialis Agonist Pronator and arem flexor Anterior surface of humerus Coronoid process Tricep Brachii Agonist Arm Extensor 1)Lateral head – posterior humerus 2)Long Head – infragleniod fossa 3)Medial head posterior humerus Olecranon Brachioradialis Agonist Elbow flexor, very powerful when arm is pronated Lateral epicondyle of humerus Olecranon
Supination and Pronation of the Forearm Muscle Name Function Describe movements Origin Insertion Pronator Quadratus Agonist Pronates forearm Anterior surface of distal ulna Distal surface of radius Pronator teres Agonist Pronates forearm Medial epicondyle of the humerus and the coronoid porcess Lateral mid shaft of radius Supinator Agonist Supinates forearm Lateral epicondyle of humerus Lateral aspect of radius
Extrinsic Hand Muscles Muscle Name Function Describe movements Origin Insertion Flexor – Pronator Group Agonist Pronator and flexor of the wrist and digits Medial epicondyle of the humerus Meta carpals Phalanges Extensor – Supinator Group Agonist Supinator and flexor of wrist ad digits Lateral epicondyle of humerus Meta Carpals Phalanges
Pelvic Muscles Muscle Name Function Describe movements Origin Insertion Gluteus Maximus Agonist Hip extension and external rotation Illiac crest saccrum and coccyx Greater trochanter Gluteus Medius Agonist Abduction and internal rotation Anterior surface of Posterior the illiac crest surface of greater trochanter Sartorius Agonist Hip Flexion Outward rotation Medial surface of the tibia
Gluteus Max, Med, Min
Hip Adductors Muscle Name Function Describe movements Origin Insertion Illiopsoas Agonist Hip and trunk felxion Ilium and lumbar vertebrae Lesser Trochanter of the Femur Adductor longus Agonist Hip Adduction Pubis Femur Adductor magnus Agonist Hip adduction and extension Pubis and ischium Femur
Hip Muscles
Quadriceps Muscle Name Function Describe movements Origin Insertion Rectus Femoris Agonist Knee Extension and Hip Flexion Iliac crest Patellar Tendon Vastus Lateralis Agonist Knee Extension Femur Patellar Tendon Vastus intermedius Agonist Knee Extension Femur Patellar Tendon Vastus Medialis Agonist Knee Extension Femur Patellar Tendon
Quadriceps
Hamstrings Muscle Name Function Describe movements Origin Insertion Bicep Femoris Agonist Flexes knee, Rotates Ischium knee externally, extends hip Head of Fibula Flexes knee, Rotates knee internally, extends hip Ischium Medial tibial condyle Flexes knee, Rotates knee internally Ischium Medial tibial condyle Semimembranosus Agonist Semitendinosus Agonist
Hamstrings
Lower Leg Muscle Name Function Describe movements Origin Insertion Tibialis Anterior Agonist Dorsi Flexes ankle and inverts foot Anterior shaft of tibia Metatarsals Gastrocnemius Agonist Plantar Flexes ankle and felxes knee Medial and Lateral Condyles Calcaneous Soleus Agonist Plantar Flexes ankle Fibula Calcaneous
Lower Leg Muscles
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