Muscles of the Upper Body Abdominal Muscles Abdominal
Muscles of the Upper Body
Abdominal Muscles
Abdominal Muscles 1. 2. 3. Rectus abdominus External and internal obliques Transversus abdominus Axial Musculature Positions spinal column Does NOT play a role in movement or support of pectoral or pelvic girdles or appendages.
Rectus Abdominus (“straight”) �Action: depresses ribs, flexes vertebral column I O
External and Internal obliques �Oblique = diagonal �External obliques are superficial to internal �Action: compresses abdomen, depress ribs, lateral flexion of vertebral column O I
Transversus Abdominus �Action: compresses abdomen I
q. Rectus abdominus q. External obliques q. Internal obliques q. Transversus abdominus
Muscles that Stabilize the Pectoral Girdle INSERT ON SCAPULA
Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Trapezius Levator scapulae Pectoralis minor Rhomboid muscles Serratus anterior ALL have insertions on scapula and therefore cause movement of the scapula
Trapezius (“trapezoid”) �Broad superficial muscle of the back �Action: depends on the active region and state of other muscles I O
Levator Scapulae (“elevates”) �Action: elevates scapula EX: shrugging shoulders O I
Pectoralis Minor �Action: depresses and protracts the shoulder, rotates scapula laterally EX: pressing shoulders downward I O
Rhomboid Muscles �Action: retraction (adduction) EX: pinching shoulder blades together O I
Serratus Anterior �Action: protraction, abduction and rotates scapula upward O I
Muscles of the pectoral girdle q. Trapezius q. Pectoralis minor q. Serratus Anterior
Muscles of the pectoral girdle q. Trapezius q. Rhomboid q. Levator scapulae
clavotrapezius Levator scapulae acromiotrapezius spinotrapezius Differences in the cat: External obliques • Trapezius muscle is 3 distinct muscles named… clavotrapezius, acromiotrapezius and spinotrapezius • Levator scapulae in cats is superficial
Muscles that move the arm
Muscles that move the arm 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Deltoid Pectoralis major Lattisimus dorsi Teres Major Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Teres minor subscapularis ALL have insertions on humerus and therefore cause movement of the humerus
Deltoid (“triangular”) �Action: major abductor O I
Pectoralis Major �Between sternum and greater tubercle of humerus �Produces flexion, adduction and O medial rotation I
Latissimus dorsi (dorsi = back) �Between thoracic vertebrae and humerus �Action: extension, adduction, medial rotation I O I
Teres Major �Action: adduction, medial rotation I O
Supraspinatus �Assists the deltoid in abduction �Rotator cuff muscle O I
Infraspinatus �Rotator Cuff Muscle �Action: lateral rotation O I
Teres minor �Rotator Cuff Muscle �Action: lateral rotation I O
Subscapularis �Rotator Cuff Muscle �Action: medial rotation I O
Muscles that move the arm q. Deltoid q. Latissimus dorsi q. Supraspinatus q. Infraspinatus q. Teres minor q. Teres major
Muscles that move the arm q. Deltoid q. Pectoralis major
Muscles that move the forearm, wrist and hand
Muscles that move the forearm 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Biceps brachii Brachialis Brachioradialis Triceps brachii Pronator teres ALL originate on the humerus and insert on forearm Exception: triceps and biceps originate on the scapula Flexors = anterior/medial Extensors = posterior/lateral
Biceps brachii (“two origins”) �Two origins short head long head �Primary action: flexion at elbow and supination �Secondary action: flexion at shoulder
Brachialis �Assists biceps �Action: flexion at elbow
Brachioradialis �Assists biceps �Action: flexion at elbow
Triceps brachii (“three origins”) �Action: extension at elbow
Pronator Teres �Action: pronation
Muscles that move the wrist and hand FLEXORS (anterior/ventral) 1. Flexor carpi radialis 2. Flexor carpi ulnaris 3. Palmaris longus 4. Flexor digitorum EXTENSORS (posterior/dorsal) 1. Extensor carpi radialis 2. Extensor carpi ulnaris 3. Extensor digitorum ALL have insertions on the carpals and metacarpals and therefore cause movement of the hand at the wrist
Deltoid Biceps brachii Pectoralis major Brachialis Pronator teres Brachioradalis Palmaris longus Flexor carpi radialis Flexor carpi ulnaris
Triceps brachii brachioradialis Extensor carpi radialis Extensor digitorum Extensor carpi ulnaris
sternocleidomastoid Pectoralis Minor Internal Intercostals Trapezius Deltoid Pectoralis Major Serratus Anterior Rectus Abdominus Connective tissue Internal obliques External obliques Transverse Abdominus Tendinous sheet
Trapezius Deltoid Levator Scapulae supraspinatus infraspinatus Teres minor Teres Major Rhomboid Major Latissimus dorsi
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