Muscle Memory Sternocleidomastoid Location Neck Movement Head Flexion

Muscle Memory

Sternocleidomastoid Location – • Neck Movement – • Head Flexion and rotation Extra Origin • Manubrium of sternum and medial portion of clavicle. Insertion – • Mastoid process of temporal bone and superior nuchal line of occipital bone. Nerve Supply – • Accessory Nerve (Cranial nerve XI)

Pectoralis Major Location – • Chest Movement – • Shoulder Flexion • Internal Rotation • Shoulder Adduction Extra Origin – • Sternal end of clavicle, sternum, cartilage of ribs 1 -6 and aponeurosis of external oblique muscle. Insertion – • Fibers converge to insert by a short tendon into intertubercular groove of humerus. Nerve Supply – • Lateral and Medial Pectoral Nerves • Pulls rib cage upward, thus helps in climbing, throwing, pushing and forced inspiration.

Pectoralis Minor Location – • Chest Movement – • Stabilizes scapula by drawing it inferiorly and anteriorly against thoracic wall Extras Origin – • 3 rd to 5 th ribs near their costal cartilages Insertion – • Medial border and superior surface of coracoid process of scapula Nerve Supply – • Medial pectoral nerves (C 8, T 1)

Biceps Brachii Location • Anterior upper arm Movement – • Elbow Flexion • Forearm Supination Extra • Has 2 origins (bi) • Short head - coracoid process • Long head – tubercle above glenoid cavity • Insertion • Radial Tuberosity • Nerve Supply • Musculocutaneous Nerve

Brachialis Location – • Proximal to the elbow in supination. Movement – • Elbow flexion Extras Origin – • Distal half of anterior surface of humerus Insertion – • Coronoid process and tuberosity of ulna Nerve Supply – • Musculocutaneous nerve (C 5 and C 6) (C 5, C 6)

Brachioradialis Location – • Front of forearm. Movement – • Elbow Flexion • Forearm Pronation • Forearm Supination Extras Origin – • Lower 2/3 of lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus. Insertion – • Styloid process of radius. Nerve Supply – • Radial Nerve

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis Location – • Anterior aspect of the elbow in supination. Movement – • Flexes proximal phalanges at matacarpophalangeal joints. • Flexes middle phalanges at proximal interphalangeal joints of medial 4 fingers. Extras Origin • Humeroulnar head: medial epicondyle of humerus, ulnar collateral ligament, and coronoid process of ulna; Radial head: superior half of anterior border of radius Insertion – • Bodies of middle phalanges of digits 2 - 5 Nerve Supply – • Median nerve (C 7, C 8 and T 1) (C 7, C 8, T 1)

Palmaris Longus Location • Inside of forearm Movement • Weak wrist flexion • Tenses skin and fascia of palm during hand movements. Extra Origin • Medial epicondyle of humerus Insertion • Palmar aponeurosis, skin and fascia of palm. Nerve Supply • Median nerve • Some people don’t have one (14%) • Touch your pointer finger with your 5 th finger and flex your wrist to see it.

Pronator Teres Location – • Anterior aspect of the elbow in supination. Movement – • Forearm Pronation • Elbow Flexion Extras Origin • Medial epicondyle of humerus and coronoid process of ulna Insertion – • Middle of lateral surface of radius Nerve Supply – • Median nerve (C 6 and C 7) (C 6, C 7)

Trapezius Location • Upper Back Movement – • Stabilizes, raises, retracts, and rotates Scapula Extra • Origin • Occipital bone, spines of C 7 -T 12 • Insertion • Along Acromion and spine of scapula and Lat. 1/3 of clavicle • Nerve Supply • Accessory Nerve

Levator Scapulae Location – • Back of the neck. Movement – • Scapula Elevation. Extras Origin – • Transverse processes of C 1 – C 4 Insertion – • Medial border of scapula, superior to the spine. Nerve Supply – • Cervical spinal nerves • Dorsal scapular nerve

Rhomboid Minor Location – • Upper back • Between scapula and spine Movement – • Retract scapula • Rotate scapula to depress glenoid cavity • Fix scapula to thoracic wall Extra Origin – • Nuchal ligament and spinous processes of C 7 and T 1 vertebrae. Insertion – • Medial border of scapula from level of spine to inferior angle. Nerve Supply – • Dorsal scapular nerve ( C 4 and C 5)

Rhomboid Major Location – • Back • Between the scapula and the spine Movement – • Retract scapula and rotate it to depress glenoid cavity • Fix scapula to thoracic wall Extras Origin – • Spinous processes of T 2 - T 5 vertebrae Insertion – • Medial border of scapula from level of spine to inferior angle Nerve Supply – • Dorsal scapular nerve ( C 4 and C 5) (C 4, C 5)

Triceps Brachii Location – • Back of the arm Movement – • Elbow Extension Extras Origin – • LH: Infraglenoid tubercle of scapula • LTH: Posterior shaft of humerus • MH: Posterior humeral shaft distal to radial groove. Insertion – • By common tendon into olecranon process of ulna. Nerve Supply – • Radial Nerve

Latissimus Dorsi Location – • Inferior back Movement – • Shoulder Extension • Shoulder Adduction • Shoulder Internal rotation Extras Origin • Spinous processes of inferior 6 thoracic vertebrae, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, and inferior 3 or 4 ribs Insertion – • Floor of intertubercular groove of humerus Nerve Supply – • Thoracodorsal nerve (C 6, C 7, and C 8) (C 6, C 7, C 8)

Supraspinatus Location – • Top of the shoulder • On the scapula Movement – • Shoulder abduction. Extra Origin – • Supraspinous fossa Insertion – • Superior facet of the greater tubercle of humerus. Nerve Supply – • Suprascapular nerve. • Part of the rotator cuff. • Stabilizes the humeral head in the glenoid fossa. • Action is controversial.

Infraspinatus Location – • Scapula • Back Movement – • Helps to hold head of humerus in gleniod cavity. • Stabilizing shoulder joint • External rotation Extra Origin – • Infraspinous fossa of scapula. Insertion – • Greater tubercle of humerus posterior to insertion of supraspinatus. Nerve Supply – • Suprascapular • Part of Rotator Cuff.

Teres Minor Location – • Back • Inferior scapula Movement – • Shoulder External Rotation. • Helps hold humeral head in glenoid cavity. Extras Origin • Superior part of lateral border of scapula Insertion – • Inferior facet on greater tuberosity of humerus Nerve Supply – • Axillary nerve (C 5 and C 6) (C 5, C 6)

Subscapularis Location – • Inside of the scapula Movement – • Shoulder Adduction • Shoulder Internal Rotation. Extras Origin • Subscapular fossa of scapula Insertion – • Lesser tuberosity of humerus Nerve Supply – • Upper and lower subscapular nerves (C 5, C 6 and C 7) (C 5, C 6, C 7)

Teres Major Location – • Back • Lower scapula Movement – • Shoulder adduction • Shoulder internal rotation Extras Origin – • Dorsal surface of inferior angle of scapula. Insertion – • Medial lip of intertubercular groove of humerus. Nerve Supply – • Subscapular nerve

Serratus Anterior Location – • Side of the rib cage Movement – • Draws scapula forward and upward. • Abducts and rotates scapula. • Stabilizes vertebral border of scapula. Extras Origin • Superolateral surfaces of upper 8 or 9 ribs at the side of chest Insertion – • Vertebral border of scapula Nerve Supply – • Long thoracic nerve (C 5, C 6, C 7)

Anterior Deltoid Location – • Superior and anterior aspect of the shoulder. Movement – • Shoulder Flexion • Shoulder Internal rotation Extras Origin • Lateral third of clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapula Insertion – • Deltoid tuberosity of humerus Nerve Suppley – • Axillary nerve (C 5 and C 6) (C 5, C 6)

Middle Deltoid Location • Top of shoulder • Upper arm Movement • Shoulder Abduction (3) Extras • 3 total deltoid muscles Origin • Embraces insertion of the trapezius • lateral 1/3 of clavicle • acromion and spine of scapula Insertion • Deltoid tuberosity of humerus. Nerve Supply • Axillary nerve

Posterior Deltoid Location – • Top and posterior of shoulder Movement – • Transverse Extension. • Shoulder Abduction (3) Extras Origin – • Lower lip of posterior border of spine of scapula as far back as medial end. Insertion – • Deltoid tuberosity of humerus. Nerve Supply – • Axillary Nerve

Iliopsoas Combination of 3 muscles: 1. Psoas major 2. Psoas minor 3. Iliacus Location – • Abdomen Movement – • Torso Flexion • Hip Flexion Extras Origin – • Anterior surfaces and lower borders of transverse processes of L 1 - L 5 and bodies and discs of T 12 - L 5 Insertion – • Lesser trochanter Nerve Supply – • Direct fibers of L 1 - L 3 of lumbar plexus (L 1, L 2, L 3)

Sartorius Location – • Anterior aspect of the thigh • Medial aspect of the knee. Movement – • Hip Flexion • Hip External Rotation • Knee Flexion. Extras Origin – • Anterior superior iliac spine. Insertion – • Superior aspect of the medial surface of the tibial shaft near the tibial tuberosity. Nerve Supply – • Femoral nerve (L 2, L 3, L 4)

Rectus Femoris Location • Middle, Front Thigh Movement – • Knee Extension • Hip Flexion Extra • Origin • Anterior Inferior Illiac Spine • Insertion • Patella and Tibial Tuberosity via Patellar Ligament • Nerve Supply • Femoral Nerve

Vastus Lateralis Location – • Anterior aspect of thigh. Movement – • Knee Extension Extras Origin – • Superior portion of intertrochanteric line, anterior and inferior borders of greater trochanter, superior portion of lateral lip of linea aspera, and lateral portion of gluteal tuberosity of femur. Insertion – • Lateral base and border of patella; also forms the lateral patellar retinaculum and lateral side of quadriceps femoris tendon. Nerve Supply – • Muscular branches of femoral nerve (L 2, L 3, L 4)

Vastus Medialis Location – • Front of thigh Movement – • Extends knee • Stabilize patella Extras Origin – • Linea aspera, intertrochanteric line. Insertion – • As for rectus femoris Nerve Supply – • Femoral Nerve • Part of the Quadriceps muscle group. • Tear drop on the inside is called the ‘oblique. ’

Vastus Intermedius Location – • Anterior aspect of the thigh. Movement – • Knee Extension (4) Extras Origin – • Superior 2/3 of anterior and lateral surfaces of femur; also from lateral intermuscular septum of thigh Insertion – • Lateral border of patella; also forms the deep portion of the quadriceps tendon Nerve Supply – • Muscular branches of femoral nerve (L 2, L 3, L 4)

Anterior Tibialis Location – • Front of lower leg Movement – • Dorsiflexion of ankle. Extra Origin – • Lateral condyle and upper 2/3 of tibial shaft; interosseous membrane. Insertion – • By tendon into inferior surface of medial cuneiform and first metatarsal bone. Nerve Supply – • Deep fibular nerve • Muscle associated with shin splints.

Gluteus Maximus Location – • Butt • Backside Movement – • Hip extension. • Hip external rotation. • Hip abduction. Extras Origin – • Posterior aspect of dorsal ilium posterior to posterior gluteal line, posterior superior iliac crest, posterior inferior aspect of sacrum and coccyx, and sacrotuberous ligament. Insertion – • Primarily in fascia lata at the iliotibial band; also into the gluteal tuberosity on posterior femoral surface. Nerve Supply – • Inferior gluteal nerve

Gluteus Medius Location • Back side. • Buttocks Movement • Hip Abduction • Hip internal rotation Extras Origin • Between anterior and posterior gluteal lines on lateral surface of ilium Insertion • By short tendon into lateral aspect of greater trochanter of femur Nerve Supply • Superior gluteal nerve • Important in walking • Muscle of limb planted on ground tilts or holds pelvis in abduction so that pelvis on side of swinging limb does not sag. • The foot of swinging limb can thus clear the ground.

Gluteus Minimus Location – • Lateral aspect of the hip. Movement – • Hip Abduction (3) • Hip Internal rotation. Extras Origin – • Dorsal ilium between inferior and anterior gluteal lines; also from edge of greater sciatic notch Insertion – • Anterior surface of greater trochanter Nerve Supply – • Superior gluteal nerve (L 4, L 5, S 1)

Gastrocnemius Location – • Posterior lower leg Movement – • Plantarflexes foot when knee extended • Knee flexion when ankle dorsiflexed Extra Origin – • By two heads from medial and lateral condyles of femur. Insertion – • Posterior calcaneus via calcaneal tendon. Nerve Supply – • Tibial Nerve

Soleus Location – • Posterior aspect of the lower leg. • Under the gastrocnemius. Movement – • Ankle Plantarflexion Extras Origin – • Posterior aspect of fibular head, upper 1/4 - 1/3 of posterior surface of fibula, middle 1/3 of medial border of tibial shaft, and from posterior surface of a tendinous arch spanning the two sites of bone origin Insertion – • Eventually unites with the gastrocnemius aponeurosis to form the Achilles tendon, inserting on the middle 1/3 of the posterior calcaneal surface Nerve Supply – • Tibial nerve (S 1, S 2)

Semitendinosus Location – • Posterior aspect of the thigh. Movement – • Knee Flexion • Hip Extension • Tibia internal rotation when knee is flexed. Extras Origin – • From common tendon with long head of biceps femoris from superior medial quadrant of the posterior portion of the ischial tuberosity Insertion – • Superior aspect of medial portion of tibial shaft Nerve Supply – • Tibial nerve (L 5, S 1, S 2)

Semimebranosus Location – • Back of the thigh. Movement – • Knee Flexion • Hip extension and internal rotation. Extra • Part of the Hamstring group. Origin – • Ischial tuberosity Insertion – • Medial condyle of tibia. Nerve Supply – • Sciatic nerve.

Biceps Femoris Location – • Back of the thigh. Movement – • Knee Flexion (3) • Rotates the tibia laterally. • Extends the hip joint Extras Origin – • Common tendon with semitendinosus from superior medial quadrant of the posterior portion of the ischial tuberosity Insertion – • Primarily on fibular head; also on lateral collateral ligament and lateral tibial condyle Nerve Supply – • Tibial nerve (L 5, S 1, S 2)

Tensor Fasciae Latae Location – • Lateral aspect of the upper leg. Movement – • Helps stabilize the hip and knee by putting tension on the iliotibial band of fascia. Extras Origin • Anterior superior iliac spine, outer lip of anterior iliac crest and fascia lata Insertion – • Iliotibial band Nerve Supply – • Superior gluteal nerve (L 4, L 5, S 1)

Adductor Longus Location – • Inside of the thigh Movement – • Adduction of the hip • Hip flexion Extra Origin – • Pubic body just below the pubic crest. Insertion – • Middle 1/3 of the linea aspera Nerve Supply – • Obturator nerve

Adductor Brevis Location – • Inside of thigh Movement – • Adducts hip. • Flexes hip. • Externally rotates hip. Extras Origin – • Anterior surface of inferior pubic ramus, inferior to origin of adductor longus. Insertion – • Pectineal line and superior part of medial lip of linea aspera. Nerve Supply – • Obturator nerve

Adductor Magnus Location – • Medial aspect of the thigh. Movement – • Hip Adduction (3) • Hip Flexion (Horizontal fibers) • Hip Extension (Vertical fibers) Extras Origin – • Inferior pubic ramus, ischial ramus, and inferolateral area of ischial tuberosity Insertion – • Gluteal tuberosity of femur, medial lip of linea aspera, medial supracondylar ridge, and adductor tubercle Nerve Supply – • Posterior division of obturator nerve innervates most of the adductor magnus; vertical or hamstring portion innervated by tibial nerve (L 2, L 3, L 4)

Gracilis Location – • Inside of the thigh. Movement – • Hip adduction, flexion, and internal rotation. Extras Origin – • Inferior ramus and body of pubis and adjacent ischial ramus. Insertion – • Medial surface of tibia just inferior to its medial condyle (Pes Anserinus). Nerve Supply – • Obturator nerve.

Pectineus Location – • Inside of the thigh. Movement – • Hip Adduction • Hip Flexion Extras Origin – • Pecten pubis and pectineal surface of the pubis Insertion – • Pectineal line of femur Nerve Supply – • Femoral nerve usually, although it may sometimes receive additional innervation from the obturator nerve as well (L 2, L 3, L 4)

Peroneus Longus Location – • Lateral, lower leg Movement – • Ankle Eversion. • Ankle Plantarflexion • Supports transverse arch Extras Origin – • Head of fibula • Upper ½ - 2/3 of lateral fibular shaft surface. Insertion – • Plantar posterolateral aspect of medial cuneiform. • Lateral side of 1 st metatarsal base. Nerve Supply – • Superficial peroneal nerve.