MUSCLE Dr Iram Tassaduq MAIN CHARACTERISTICS There are
- Slides: 30
MUSCLE Dr Iram Tassaduq
MAIN CHARACTERISTICS There are four characteristics associated with muscle tissue: Ø Excitability Tissue can receive & respond to stimulation Ø Contractility Tissue can shorten & thicken Ø Extensibility Tissue can lengthen Ø Elasticity After contracting or lengthening, tissue always wants to return to its resting state
FUNCTIONS OF MUSCLES § § Movement – both voluntary & involuntary Maintaining posture Supporting soft tissues within body cavities Protection
STRUCTURAL CLASSIFICATION Types of muscle tissue: • Skeletal • Cardiac • Smooth (Visceral)
SKELETAL MUSCLE Associated with & attached to the skeleton • Under our conscious (voluntary) control • Microscopically the tissue appears striated • Cells are long, cylindrical & multinucleate
CARDIAC MUSCLE Makes up myocardium of heart • Unconsciously (involuntarily) controlled • Microscopically appears striated • Cells are short, branching & have a single nucleus • Cells connect to each other at intercalated discs
SMOOTH MUSCLE • Makes up walls of organs & blood vessels • Tissue is non-striated & involuntary • Cells are short, spindle-shaped & have a single nucleus • Tissue is extremely extensible, while still retaining ability to contract
Anatomy of skeletal muscles epimysium tendon perimysium Muscle Fascicle Surrounded by perimysium Skeletal muscle Surrounded by epimysium endomysium Skeletal muscle fiber (cell) Surrounded by endomysium
ASSOCIATED TERMS Origin Insertion Belly Tendon Aponeurosis Raphe
ASSOCIATED TERMS • Tendon cord of fibrous tissue • Belly • Origin Fleshy part of muscle Muscle attachment that remains fixed • Insertion Muscle attachment that moves • Action What joint movement a muscle produces i. e. flexion, extension, abduction, etc.
APONEUROSIS A strong , thin and flat sheet of fibrous tissue providing attachment to muscles
RAPHE An interdigitation of the tendinous ends of fibers of flat muscles
ARCHITECTURAL CLASSIFICATION Pennate muscles fibers run obliquely to line of pull On basis of shape
CLASSIFICATION ON BASIS OF ACTION Prime movers Antagonists Fixator Synergist
PRIME MOVERS Chief muscle responsible for a particular movement
ANTAGONISTS Any muscle that opposes the action of prime mover
FIXATOR A fixator contracts isometrically (contraction increases tone but does not itself produce movement) Muscles of shoulder girdle act as fixators for deltoid
SYNERGIST Prime movers cross several joints. Synergist contract to prevent unwanted movement on intermediate joints Long tendons of carpal muscles act as synergist for long finger tendons
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