Muscle and Nervous Tissue Pages 97 101 Muscle

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Muscle and Nervous Tissue Pages 97 -101

Muscle and Nervous Tissue Pages 97 -101

Muscle Tissue Function: ◦ contract (shorten) to produce movement Three types: 1. Skeletal muscle

Muscle Tissue Function: ◦ contract (shorten) to produce movement Three types: 1. Skeletal muscle 2. Cardiac muscle 3. Smooth muscle © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

Skeletal Muscle Tissue Voluntary (conscious) control Attach to bones or skin Produce: ◦ gross

Skeletal Muscle Tissue Voluntary (conscious) control Attach to bones or skin Produce: ◦ gross body movements ◦ facial expressions Cell Characteristics: ◦ Striations (stripes) ◦ Multinucleate (more than one nucleus) ◦ Long, cylindrical shape © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 3. 20 a Type of muscle tissue and their common locations in the

Figure 3. 20 a Type of muscle tissue and their common locations in the body. Nuclei Part of muscle fiber (a) Diagram: Skeletal muscle Photomicrograph: Skeletal muscle (195×)

Cardiac Muscle Tissue Involuntary control only in the heart Pumps blood through blood vessels

Cardiac Muscle Tissue Involuntary control only in the heart Pumps blood through blood vessels Characteristics of cardiac muscle cells ◦ Striations ◦ One nucleus, short, branching cells Look somewhat like bamboo ◦ Intercalated discs: Areas between cells which contain gap junctions to connect cells together so that the impulse spreads across the heart synchronously © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 3. 20 b Type of muscle tissue and their common locations in the

Figure 3. 20 b Type of muscle tissue and their common locations in the body. Intercalated discs Nucleus (b) Diagram: Cardiac muscle Photomicrograph: Cardiac muscle (475×)

Compare the two- note the differences Skeletal Cardiac

Compare the two- note the differences Skeletal Cardiac

Smooth Muscle Tissue Involuntary control Location: where constricting and enlarging is required ◦ walls

Smooth Muscle Tissue Involuntary control Location: where constricting and enlarging is required ◦ walls of hollow organs Peristalsis: a wavelike activity that moves digested material through the small intestine ◦ blood vessels Characteristics: ◦ No visible striations ◦ Single nucleus ◦ Spindle-shaped cells © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 3. 20 c Type of muscle tissue and their common locations in the

Figure 3. 20 c Type of muscle tissue and their common locations in the body. Smooth muscle cell Nuclei (c) Diagram: Smooth muscle Photomicrograph: Sheet of smooth muscle (285×)

Nervous Tissue Two groups of cells: ◦ Neurons ◦ Neuroglia (glial cells) these insulate,

Nervous Tissue Two groups of cells: ◦ Neurons ◦ Neuroglia (glial cells) these insulate, protect, and support neurons Function: receive and conduct electrochemical impulses to and from body parts ◦ Irritability ◦ Conductivity © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 7. 4 a Structure of a typical motor neuron. Mitochondrion Dendrite Cell body

Figure 7. 4 a Structure of a typical motor neuron. Mitochondrion Dendrite Cell body Axon Nucleus One Schwann cell Axon terminal (a) Node of Ranvier Schwann cells, forming the myelin sheath on axon

Figure 3. 21 Nervous tissue. Brain Nuclei of supporting cells Spinal cord Nuclei of

Figure 3. 21 Nervous tissue. Brain Nuclei of supporting cells Spinal cord Nuclei of supporting cells Cell body of neuron Neuron processes Diagram: Nervous tissue Photomicrograph: Neurons (320×)

Support Cells: Neuroglia (glial cells) CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM GLIAL CELLS Astrocytes ◦ Brace/anchor neurons,

Support Cells: Neuroglia (glial cells) CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM GLIAL CELLS Astrocytes ◦ Brace/anchor neurons, provide chemical barrier ◦ Most abundant glial cells Microglia ◦ Destroy threatening particles/cells; phagocytes Ependymal cells ◦ Line ventricles and central canal; cilia circulate CSF Oligodendrocytes ◦ Produce myelin sheath around axons (in the CNS) © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 7. 3 a Supporting (glial) cells of nervous tissue. ASTROCYTES Capillary Neuron Astrocyte

Figure 7. 3 a Supporting (glial) cells of nervous tissue. ASTROCYTES Capillary Neuron Astrocyte (a) Astrocytes are the most abundant and versatile neuroglia.

Figure 7. 3 b Supporting (glial) cells of nervous tissue. MICROGLIA Neuron Microglial cell

Figure 7. 3 b Supporting (glial) cells of nervous tissue. MICROGLIA Neuron Microglial cell (b) Microglial cells are phagocytes that defend CNS cells.

Figure 7. 3 c Supporting (glial) cells of nervous tissue. EPENDYMAL CELLS Fluid-filled cavity

Figure 7. 3 c Supporting (glial) cells of nervous tissue. EPENDYMAL CELLS Fluid-filled cavity Ependymal cells Brain or spinal cord tissue (c) Ependymal cells line cerebrospinal fluid-filled cavities.

Figure 7. 3 d Supporting (glial) cells of nervous tissue. OLIGODENDROCYTES Myelin sheath Process

Figure 7. 3 d Supporting (glial) cells of nervous tissue. OLIGODENDROCYTES Myelin sheath Process of oligodendrocyte Nerve fibers (d) Oligodendrocytes have processes that form myelin sheaths around CNS nerve fibers.

Glial Cells of the Peripheral Nervous System Satellite cells ◦ Protect neuron cell bodies

Glial Cells of the Peripheral Nervous System Satellite cells ◦ Protect neuron cell bodies Schwann cells ◦ Form myelin sheath around axons (in the PNS) © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 7. 3 e Supporting (glial) cells of nervous tissue. Satellite cells Cell body

Figure 7. 3 e Supporting (glial) cells of nervous tissue. Satellite cells Cell body of neuron Schwann cells (forming myelin sheath) Nerve fiber (e) Satellite cells and Schwann cells (which form myelin) surround neurons in the PNS.