MUN Uniting the Nations through Model United Nations

MUN Uniting the Nations through Model United Nations

The United Nations • Founded in 1945 after World War II • Currently 193 member states • Headed by UN Secretary General Ban Kimoon, since 2007 • Operates according to its foundational document, the United Nations Charter • Headquarters at New York City

Purpose of UN • The UN has 4 main purposes: 1. To keep peace throughout the world; 2. To develop friendly relations among nations; 3. To help nations work together to improve the lives of poor people, to conquer hunger, disease and illiteracy, and to encourage respect for each other’s rights and freedoms; 4. To be a centre for harmonizing the actions of nations to achieve these goals.

Organization of the UN • General Assembly (193) • Security Council (5 P+10 NP) – China, US, UK, Russia, France • • Economic and Social Council (54) International Court of Justice (14) Secretariat Specialized Subsidiary Organizations: – UNESCO, World Food Program, WHO, – IAEA, UNICEF, IMF, World Bank – Affiliated NGOs, etc

Preparing to be a Delegate • • Politics Geography Economics IR History Culture Defense

Politics • What kind of government? – Monarchy, parliamentary democracy, etc. • Current Head of State/Government? • What are the main political parties? • How stable is the current political structure?

Geography • Where is the country located? • Geographical neighbors? • What significance does the geographical location have in the country’s politics/economical situation? – Small island state, land-locked mountainous regions, etc.

Economics • GDP? How self-sufficient/dependent is the country economically? • Natural resources? • What economic and or trade organizations is it affiliated with? • What basic commodities does it export/import?

International Relations • The role it plays in the international community and its influence • What direct involvement does it have with any UN agency? • Relationship with other countries? Blocks?

History & Culture • How did its history shape the current state? • What are the main religious and ethnic groups? • What role does religion or ethnicity play in the country’s politics/IR?

Defense • Country’s military strength/weaknesses? • What defense alliances does it belong to? • Has it been involved I any internal or external conflicts in its recent history?

Finding out about the Issue • RESEARCH • Answer in 6 Steps: – What is the problem being solved? – What are multiple parts of the problem? – Who is affected by this problem? – Who is likely to take action & who else could we ask to take action? – What is being done to address the problem? – What is your multi-part creative problem?

Helpful Sites • https: //www. cia. gov/library/publications/the-worldfactbook/ • http: //www. unsystem. org/ • http: //www. un. org/en/databases/ • http: //www. isn. ethz. ch/isn/ • http: //www. lib. berkeley. edu/doemoff/govinfo/intl/gov _un. html • http: //www. libraryindex. com/ • http: //www. humantrafficking. org/

Your Multi-Part Solution! • • • • • • • Medical Research More research needs to be focused on the so called “neglected diseases” such as malaria, HIV/AIDS, TB, sleeping sickness, leishmaniasis, and Chagas disease Drugs and vaccines for diseases should constantly be upgraded to reduce side effects, minimize toxic substances, and lower the costs for more availability More research could be done on traditional medicine research groups could focus on studying tropical plants or herbs and their medical value (traditional medicine) This process could lead to new medical breakthroughs for rare tropical diseases confined to developing countries Funding A large amount of funding is necessary We need funding mechanisms that would secure future funding for the projects that PPPs would lead Entering low risk disease into advanced purchase commitments (APCs) would provide an incentive for pharmaceutical companies to come up with vaccines, (ex) vaccines for pneumonia and viral diarrhea might benefit from APCs Clean Water Changes in infrastructure should be made to provide aid and resource systematically Developing countries could plan the construction of low cost housing units and control the flow of migrating people that enter the urban areas Stricter regulations or penalties should be imposed against river exploitation Regular conferences for discussion regarding water management and regional cohesion could be held in both national and local levels Aid Distribution Pre-tested routes could be established throughout developing countries Extend the routes to the rural areas Ensuring security of these routes – Regular check-ups should take place – Countries could allot specially trained armed forces along the aid routes to make them help with the transportation of commodities and medical support. Medical Systems Supporting hospitals financially Regularly supervise hospitals on patient safety and hospital management More hospitals-on-wheels and volunteers are needed to reach rural areas and provide medical care and regular health check-ups Long term solution permanent stalls that would provide basic vaccines and medication for free should be established

=Your Resolution • • • • • • • Calls for the establishment of regional research facilities in developing countries that will focus on the development of traditional medicine with the collaborative effort of World Health Organization (WHO)-affiliated, international, and regional NGOs by: conducting case studies of rare tropical diseases, neglected diseases, and diseases confined to developing countries, researching the medicinal value of exotic plants, herbs, and animals with the help of NGOs such as the Council on Health Research for Development (COHRED), developing safe, cost-effective medical treatments based on traditional medicine, obtaining funds from drug companies, research groups, and aid organizations such as the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation in order to: guarantee periods of market exclusivity to temporarily increase the revenue flow of companies, encourage companies and academic institutions to work with Public Private Partnerships (PPPs) that will guarantee reimbursement for Research and Development (R&D) contributions, encourage governments to apply Advanced Purchase Commitments (APCs) to initiate vaccine development projects for diseases such as malaria, pneumonia, or viral diarrhea; Requests the improvement of medical, financial, or food aid transfers in terms of efficiency, transparency, and security by: establishing pre-tested routes throughout developing countries, especially in rural areas based on regional research, improving the alert system of the WHO by creating a global-local nexus by linking global and local surveillance systems and developing practices for risk assessment and risk communication, creating relief-specialist security forces to quickly transport aid to disease-afflicted areas and secure aid routes during disease outbreaks, allowing aid organizations to offer medical or food aid directly to the citizens; Urges several NGO’s such as the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), WHO, United Nations Volunteers (UNV) and the Red Cross (RC) to help provide funds and assistance in establishing health care facilities in developing countries through means such as, but not limited to: decentralizing hospital-based and doctor-led medical systems by: allowing medical clinics to be the primary sites for offering antiretroviral treatment (ART), allowing trained nurses to provide ART, gradually sharing or transferring the tasks of nurses such as patient preparedness or data collection and analysis to certified lay persons, improving the level of medical service in hospitals and clinics under the supervision of WHO officials by: organizing long-term partnerships among hospitals, medical universities, and NGOs to train medical work forces in developing countries, setting up internship programs to train the medical workers, holding seminars to keep workers and volunteers updated on the development of new medical procedures, vaccines, and drugs, establishing new temporary health clinics in several rural areas with the purpose of: increasing efficiency in providing medications to people living in rural areas, decreasing the amount of time for people to travel to these health clinics, establishing permanent health clinics only if these temporary health clinics show positive progress;

Clauses • • • ⇒Start with a heading like the following: FORUM: General Assembly QUESTION OF: The illicit trade of cultural artifacts MAIN SUBMIT: Egypt CO-SUBMIT: Algeria, China, France, Haiti, Italy, Lebanon, Malaysia, Romania THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY, ⇒Write in formal English. Informal language should never be used, and abbreviations must be introduced before future use. An example: Decides to cooperate with various Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs)…. Applauds the accomplishments of various NGOs such as….

Pre ambs • • • • ⇒The first word of the perambulatory clauses must be a formal and appropriate word that is a present participle, such as: Affirming Deeply disturbed Guided by Alarmed by Deeply regretting Having adopted Aware of Emphasizing Having considered Believing Expecting Recalling Bearing in mind Having devoted attention Observing Confident Having examined Realizing Contemplating Having studied Recognizing Convinced Fulfilling Having heard Declaring Fully aware Having received Deeply concerned Fully alarmed Keeping in mind Deeply conscious Further believing Noting with regret Deeply convinced Further deploring Noting with satisfaction Taking note Further recalling Noting with deep concern Noting further Welcoming Desiring Seeking Referring

Operative Clauses • • • • ⇒Operative Clauses may start with the following phrases: Accepts Affirms Approves Asks Authorizes Calls upon Condemns Confirms Considers Decides* Declares accordingly Deplores Designate Draws attention Emphasizes Encourages Endorses Expresses its hope Further invites Further proclaims Further recommends Further reminds Further requests Further resolves Have resolved Notes Proclaims Reaffirms Recommends Regrets Reminds Requests Resolves Solemnly affirms Supports Takes note of Urges

What it should look like • Preambulatory Clause: Recalling, previous resolution 1695 and 1718 of the Security Council as the framework for handling the DPRK issue at present, Applauding, the efforts of Vietnam and states involved in six party talks in persuading North Korea into compromising nuclear technologies as gestures of goodwill, however, Underlining, the significant potential threat the North Korean absence from the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) poses upon peace, • The Operative Clauses should be organized like so: 1. Calls upon the need for public awareness regarding corruption in society and politics in post-conflict regions through the means of: a. mass media and press, which will serve the purpose of: i. abolishing corruption embedded in many cultures by educational campaigns ii. reporting corrupt elites and arousing the citizens’ desire for change *when reading it out don’t say sub clause i, it’s sub clause 1

Opening Speech • One-minute speech expressing country’s primary concerns about the world – Mention one or two major problems • Present a clear message about your country’s position • Emphasize what actions you’ll be supporting • Structure your speech • Avoid platitudes/generalizations • Be informative & emphatic

Sample Opening Speech • Iran has clearly expressed its wish for serious and constructive negotiations regarding its nuclear energy program, both to the UN and the negotiating parties. • Iran has the inalienable and legal right to access nuclear tech. and produce nuclear energy under the NPT and with the supervision of IAEA. Clearly stating country stance

Now It’s Your Turn. Homework by next class: Nov. 16 th • Choose one issue: 1. The situation in Afghanistan: re-establishing freedom, security and stability 2. Promoting information and communication technology (ICT) in the context of mitigating poverty 3. Protecting endangered species from illegal poaching 4. Combating the proliferation of violence, terrorism and drug trade • Research & come up with 6 -step answer • Draft operative clauses based on your multi-part solution (2 -3 clauses) – No preambles needed • Prepare your one-minute opening speech • Delegation list will be posted online tomorrow

Next Class • You will present your opening speeches! • Lobby with your classmates – Share your resolution drafts with classmates who have worked on the same issue – Merge the resolutions to create one comprehensive reso – Create the final resolution by the end of class – Email me the final copy of the resolution so that I can approve/ask for necessary changes