Multipurpose Reservoir Operations Partition reservoir storage into pools

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Multi-purpose Reservoir Operations • Partition reservoir storage into “pools” • Each pool has a

Multi-purpose Reservoir Operations • Partition reservoir storage into “pools” • Each pool has a separate purpose • Release (or avoid releasing) water to reach the “guide curve” Top of dam Surcharge pool (emergency spillway releases) Spillway Flood pool (release to empty, but don’t flood downstream areas) Guide Curve Conservation pool (release to meet water supply / hydropower delivery targets) Penstock Buffer pool (min. in-stream flow releases) Dead/Inactive pool (no release) CEE 6490 River outlet David Rosenberg 1

Accelerated healing when your reservoir falls into the Dead Pool? CEE 6490

Accelerated healing when your reservoir falls into the Dead Pool? CEE 6490

Lake Powell Pools (Schmidt et al 2016) CEE 6490

Lake Powell Pools (Schmidt et al 2016) CEE 6490

Seasonal guide-curve (Folsom Reservoir, CA) 1, 000 800 700 600 500 400 300 250

Seasonal guide-curve (Folsom Reservoir, CA) 1, 000 800 700 600 500 400 300 250 • • Contours are preceding 60 -day basin-mean precip. (% of normal annual precip. ) Release all excess storage above line as rapidly as possible, subject to: – Do not exceed 50, 000 cfs or maximum rate of inflow for flood event – Do not exceed 150, 000 cfs at any time CEE – 6490 Flows in a downstream damage reach do not exceed 180, 000 cfs (HEC, David 1976)Rosenberg 4 Storage in thousand acre-feet 900

Compare Operations Objectives Purpose Single Reservoir System Water Supply Keep reservoir full; avoid spills;

Compare Operations Objectives Purpose Single Reservoir System Water Supply Keep reservoir full; avoid spills; meet demands Avoid system spills* Flood Control Keep reservoir empty; avoid damaging releases Avoid damaging releases* Energy Storage Keep reservoir full + high head Max. total energy stored at end of refill season* Hydropower Keep reservoir full; meet Production energy demands Max. value of energy production* Recreation Pool Equalize marginal rec. benefits of additional water Keep reservoir full *Releases to achieve objective depend on spatial configuration CEE 6490 David Rosenberg 5

Rules of Thumb • Rules differ for different – Water uses – Spatial configurations

Rules of Thumb • Rules differ for different – Water uses – Spatial configurations Reservoirs in Series: release/spill inflow Reservoirs in Parallel: inflow release/spill CEE 6490 6

Operations Rules for Reservoirs in Series Purpose Refill Period Drawdown Period Water Supply Fill

Operations Rules for Reservoirs in Series Purpose Refill Period Drawdown Period Water Supply Fill upper reservoirs first Empty lower reservoirs first Flood Control Fill upper reservoirs first Empty lower reservoirs first Energy Storage Fill upper reservoirs Empty lower first reservoirs first Maximize storage in reservoirs with greatest energy production potential Hydropower Production Recreation CEE 6490 Equalize marginal recreational improvement of additional storage among reservoirs 7

Operations Rules for Reservoirs in Parallel Purpose Refill Period Drawdown Period Water Supply Equalize

Operations Rules for Reservoirs in Parallel Purpose Refill Period Drawdown Period Water Supply Equalize probability of seasonal spill among reservoirs Equalize probability of emptying among reservoirs Flood Control Leave more storage space in reservoirs subject to flooding NA Energy Storage Equalize expected value (EV) For the last time-step, of seasonal energy spill equalize EV of refill among reservoirs season energy spill among reservoirs Hydropower Production Maximize storage in reservoirs with greatest energy production potential Recreation Equalize marginal recreation improvement of additional 8 storage among reservoirs

Lake Powell-Lake Mead Equalization Rule (Annual Release in MAF)

Lake Powell-Lake Mead Equalization Rule (Annual Release in MAF)

Lake Powell-Lake Mead Equalization Rule

Lake Powell-Lake Mead Equalization Rule