Multipurpose Planning Module M 1 Multipurpose Plan Formulation

Multipurpose Planning Module M 1: Multi-purpose Plan Formulation – Policies and Constraints BU ILDING STRONGSM

Student Learning Objectives The Student will be able to: § Distinguish between “multipurpose” and “multi-objective” § Discuss the Corps history of multipurpose projects § Distinguish high priority or “stand alone” purposes, from “add on” or other purposes § Identify the major distinguishing attributes of watershed planning § Distinguish between avoidance, mitigation and restoration § Provide examples of realistic multipurpose plans M 1 - 2 BU ILDING STRONGSM

Definitions § Planning is multi-objective § A good planning study always has several planning objectives § Projects are multipurpose § Purposes may include navigation, flood damage reduction, ecosystem restoration, hurricane and storm damage prevention, water supply, hydroelectric power generation, and recreation M 1 - 3 BU ILDING STRONGSM

Definitions § A “Stand alone” project purpose may only consist of one of the Corps’ high priority purposes: flood damage reduction, navigation or ecosystem restoration. § “Add-on” project purposes consist of one or more purposes (usually other than high priority) where opportunities exist. M 1 - 4 BU ILDING STRONGSM

Multipurpose Formulation Approaches Three General Approaches § Comprehensive - the preferred method, giving full consideration to all planning objectives and constraints (“pure” multipurpose) § Add-on - where opportunities are evident, but may not be a part of the initial formulation § Incidental – You hope for good things to happen or when good things happen to bad projects M 1 - 5 BU ILDING STRONGSM

Continuum of Formulation Approaches Incidental benefits Added on purpose Single Purpose Project M 1 - 6 Formulated for MP Multiple Purpose Project BU ILDING STRONGSM

What’s Old is New Again § Multipurpose projects and planning grew slowly, starting in 1808 (Gallatin Report) § Multipurpose projects peaked in the 1960 s, lead by Dams and Reservoirs § Environmental concerns led to a decrease in reservoirs and hence multipurpose efforts § Now environmental concerns are leading to an increase in NER and multipurpose efforts M 1 - 7 BU ILDING STRONGSM

Multipurpose History § Gallatin’s 1808 report to Congress § Multi-objective: political unity, national defense, economic development of West § Multipurpose: waterways, canals, roads § Swamp Acts § Flood control linked to navigation § Conservation Movement § Development and wise use § Multipurpose: navigation, irrigation, hydroelectric power, water power, flood control M 1 - 8 BU ILDING STRONGSM

Multipurpose History 308 Reports § 1925 Corps and Federal Power Commission § Survey of all US streams with power development potential § Formulated general plans § Navigation § Power § Flood control § Irrigation M 1 - 9 BU ILDING STRONGSM

Multipurpose History § Flood Control Act of 1944 § Municipal and Industrial Water Supply becomes a full project purpose for reservoirs, as does recreation § Senate Document 97 of 1962 § River basins the preferred planning area § Multipurpose planning to be used § Principles and Standards of 1973 § NEPA integrated into multipurpose planning § Hierarchy of mitigation approaches is a planning consideration § P&G of 1983 M 1 - 10 BU ILDING STRONGSM

Overall Trends: Multipurpose in the 21 st Century § Mid 20 th century was “Golden Age” of multipurpose projects - Navigation, flood control, irrigation, M&I water, hydropower, water quality, recreation M 1 - 11 BU ILDING STRONGSM

Overall Trends: Multipurpose in the 21 st Century § Today multipurpose is likely a mix of ecosystem restoration and other high priority outputs § Navigation, flood damage reduction § With some recreation added on § Watershed Planning facilitates multipurpose planningsimilar to the comprehensive river basin studies ( Section 308 studies, 1926) § Environmental Sustainability is an initiative to further multipurpose planning and projects M 1 - 12 BU ILDING STRONGSM

Indian Bend Wash M 1 - 13 BU ILDING STRONGSM

M 1 - 14 BU ILDING STRONGSM

Current Policy § Wherever possible and subject to budgetary policy…projects shall combine purposes to formulate multiple purpose projects. § It is fundamental to the planning process to investigate the full range of solutions to problems, and to develop comprehensive solutions to problems. M 1 - 15 BU ILDING STRONGSM

High Priority Purposes § Flood Damage Reduction § Navigation § Ecosystem Restoration M 1 - 16 BU ILDING STRONGSM

Other Project Purposes • Hurricane and Storm Damage Reduction • Recreation • Water Supply • Hydroelectric Power M 1 - 17 BU ILDING STRONGSM

Hurricane and Storm Damage Reduction § May use both structural and non-structural measures § Should be formulated as the primary purpose if part of a multipurpose recreation project § Current policy does not support new beach nourishment projects (viewed as ongoing construction) § Projects supporting primarily recreation activities should be undertaken by non-Federal interests § Cost sharing is dependent on land ownership and use M 1 - 18 BU ILDING STRONGSM

Hurricane and Storm Damage Reduction Miami Beach, Florida M 1 - 19 BU ILDING STRONGSM

Recreation § May be included in multipurpose formulation § May be added to project formulated for other high priority purposes § May be incidental to other high priority purposes § Cost sharing is 50/50 § Costs limited to 10% of flood damage reduction and/or ecosystem restoration costs § No single purpose projects allowed § Only additional lands for access may be purchased § Limitations on facilities M 1 - 20 BU ILDING STRONGSM

Lake Shelbyville Recreation Area, IL (St. Louis District) M 1 - 21 BU ILDING STRONGSM

Water Supply § Surplus water available where no water rights assigned § Municipal and industrial water § Agricultural water § No single purpose water supply studies/projects M 1 - 22 BU ILDING STRONGSM

Hydroelectric Power § Measures § Hydroelectric power facilities § Pumped storage § Implemented at 100% local sponsor cost § No single purpose projects M 1 - 23 BU ILDING STRONGSM

Watershed Planning § Watershed is the study area § Multiple planning objectives - may be broader than the Corps’ typical authorities and purposes § May include multiple agencies § Output more a program than a project § Multiple purpose solutions to watershed problems § May include multiple purpose projects § May be implemented by others § May include Corps projects M 1 - 24 BU ILDING STRONGSM

Spirit of Multipurpose Projects Exercise 1 § Dams store water § What planning objectives and constraints are being addressed? § Which project purposes could be included? Excluded? § How much storage for each purpose? § When and how would you decide? M 1 - 25 BU ILDING STRONGSM

Pine Flat Dam, CA M 1 - 26 BU ILDING STRONGSM

M 1 - 27 Pine Flat Dam BU ILDING STRONGSM

Spirit of Multipurpose Projects Exercise 2 § You have identified two planning objectives: § Increase the quantity and quality of riverine terrestrial native habitats § Reduce flood damages to the residential community § The study has two purposes: ecosystem restoration and flood damage reduction M 1 - 28 BU ILDING STRONGSM

NER/NED Multipurpose Plans Many measures § Combined with other high priority purposes § § And often, recreation § Examples, big and small § Everglades § Napa § Indian Bend Wash § Poplar Island § Houston Ship Channel § DMMPs M 1 - 29 BU ILDING STRONGSM

Napa River M 1 - 30 BU ILDING STRONGSM

Napa River M 1 - 31 BU ILDING STRONGSM

Napa River M 1 - 32 BU ILDING STRONGSM

Flood Damage Reduction & Ecosystem Restoration § Nonstructural and ecosystem restoration § Evacuation, relocation and habitat quantity § Land use management and habitat quality § Structural and ecosystem restoration § Set back levees § Ponds § Wetlands M 1 - 33 BU ILDING STRONGSM

Middle Creek, CA M 1 - 34 BU ILDING STRONGSM

Navigation & Ecosystem Restoration § Channel projects § Harbor improvements § Dredged material management § Continuing Economic Justification § Alternatives § Base Plan § Beneficial Uses M 1 - 35 BU ILDING STRONGSM

Houston Ship Channel M 1 - 36 BU ILDING STRONGSM

Beneficial Uses Each management plan study shall include an assessment of potential beneficial uses of dredged material for meeting non-navigation objectives, including fish and wildlife habitat restoration, hurricane and storm damage reduction, and recreation. M 1 - 37 BU ILDING STRONGSM

Poplar Island MD M 1 - 38 BU ILDING STRONGSM

Types of Beneficial Uses § Restoration and Protection of Environmental Resources § Placement of Material on Beaches § Other Beneficial Uses § Land creation § Beach placement or restoration not meeting Corps participation criteria M 1 - 39 BU ILDING STRONGSM

Sonoma Baylands, CA M 1 - 40 BU ILDING STRONGSM

Take Away Points § Comprehensive planning is the preferred method, giving full consideration to all planning objectives and constraints § Watershed planning is comprehensive planning § Projects may have incidental outputs related to other purposes § Features to address additional purposes can be added to plans § The best multi-purpose projects are formulated by simultaneously addressing multiple planning objectives that reflect multiple project purposes. M 1 - 41 BU ILDING STRONGSM

Where We are Going Next, we’ll cover: § Cost allocation and cost sharing § The SCRB method of cost allocation § The way in which the SCRB method can be applied to a project with ecosystem restoration as a project purpose M 1 - 42 BU ILDING STRONGSM

Challenge Question: What do you do when the problems in a watershed would be best solved using a comprehensive approach, yet the cost-sharing study sponsor is limited to a single purpose? M 1 - 43 BU ILDING STRONGSM