Multiplexing Multiplexing Multiplexing mixes the signals of different
![Multiplexing Multiplexing](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/81fa93afc432c08c4da11ff8e843eb1f/image-1.jpg)
![Multiplexing • Multiplexing mixes the signals of different conversations over a single transmission line Multiplexing • Multiplexing mixes the signals of different conversations over a single transmission line](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/81fa93afc432c08c4da11ff8e843eb1f/image-2.jpg)
![Why Multiplex? • Economies of Scale – 64 kbps lines carry a single 64 Why Multiplex? • Economies of Scale – 64 kbps lines carry a single 64](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/81fa93afc432c08c4da11ff8e843eb1f/image-3.jpg)
![Why Multiplex? • Data transmission tends to be bursty – Uses capacity of a Why Multiplex? • Data transmission tends to be bursty – Uses capacity of a](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/81fa93afc432c08c4da11ff8e843eb1f/image-4.jpg)
![Economics of Multiplexing • Cost Savings – Economies of scale in transmission lines – Economics of Multiplexing • Cost Savings – Economies of scale in transmission lines –](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/81fa93afc432c08c4da11ff8e843eb1f/image-5.jpg)
![Time Division Multiplexing • Time is divided into short periods – In each period, Time Division Multiplexing • Time is divided into short periods – In each period,](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/81fa93afc432c08c4da11ff8e843eb1f/image-6.jpg)
![Simple Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) • In simple time division multiplexing, each conversation is Simple Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) • In simple time division multiplexing, each conversation is](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/81fa93afc432c08c4da11ff8e843eb1f/image-7.jpg)
![Statistical Time Division Multiplexing (STDM) • Still Frames and Slots • But statistical TDM Statistical Time Division Multiplexing (STDM) • Still Frames and Slots • But statistical TDM](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/81fa93afc432c08c4da11ff8e843eb1f/image-8.jpg)
![Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM) • Signals are sent in different channels – Signals sent Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM) • Signals are sent in different channels – Signals sent](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/81fa93afc432c08c4da11ff8e843eb1f/image-9.jpg)
![Combining TDM and FM • Use Simple or statistical TDM Within a Channel Frequency Combining TDM and FM • Use Simple or statistical TDM Within a Channel Frequency](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/81fa93afc432c08c4da11ff8e843eb1f/image-10.jpg)
- Slides: 10
![Multiplexing Multiplexing](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/81fa93afc432c08c4da11ff8e843eb1f/image-1.jpg)
Multiplexing
![Multiplexing Multiplexing mixes the signals of different conversations over a single transmission line Multiplexing • Multiplexing mixes the signals of different conversations over a single transmission line](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/81fa93afc432c08c4da11ff8e843eb1f/image-2.jpg)
Multiplexing • Multiplexing mixes the signals of different conversations over a single transmission line to reduce costs
![Why Multiplex Economies of Scale 64 kbps lines carry a single 64 Why Multiplex? • Economies of Scale – 64 kbps lines carry a single 64](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/81fa93afc432c08c4da11ff8e843eb1f/image-3.jpg)
Why Multiplex? • Economies of Scale – 64 kbps lines carry a single 64 kbps signal – T 1 lines can multiplex 24 such signals – Yet T 1 lines cost only about 3 -5 times as much as 64 kbps lines • Example: Suppose you have ten 64 kbps signals – This will require ten 64 kbps lines – But one T 1 line will carry them for only 3 -5 times the cost of a single 64 kbps line
![Why Multiplex Data transmission tends to be bursty Uses capacity of a Why Multiplex? • Data transmission tends to be bursty – Uses capacity of a](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/81fa93afc432c08c4da11ff8e843eb1f/image-4.jpg)
Why Multiplex? • Data transmission tends to be bursty – Uses capacity of a line only a small fraction of the time Signal A Signal B • Multiplexing allows several conversations to share a single trunk line, lowering the cost for each
![Economics of Multiplexing Cost Savings Economies of scale in transmission lines Economics of Multiplexing • Cost Savings – Economies of scale in transmission lines –](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/81fa93afc432c08c4da11ff8e843eb1f/image-5.jpg)
Economics of Multiplexing • Cost Savings – Economies of scale in transmission lines – Multiplexing to lower costs for bursty traffic • Cost Increases – Multiplexing costs money for multiplexers/demultiplexers at the two ends • Net Savings – Usually is very high
![Time Division Multiplexing Time is divided into short periods In each period Time Division Multiplexing • Time is divided into short periods – In each period,](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/81fa93afc432c08c4da11ff8e843eb1f/image-6.jpg)
Time Division Multiplexing • Time is divided into short periods – In each period, one frame is sent • Frame times are further divided – Each subdivision is a slot Slot Frame
![Simple Time Division Multiplexing TDM In simple time division multiplexing each conversation is Simple Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) • In simple time division multiplexing, each conversation is](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/81fa93afc432c08c4da11ff8e843eb1f/image-7.jpg)
Simple Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) • In simple time division multiplexing, each conversation is given one slot per frame – Guaranteed the slot – Slot is wasted if the connection does not use it – Wasteful but still brings economies of scale Slot not Used – Inexpensive to implement A A B
![Statistical Time Division Multiplexing STDM Still Frames and Slots But statistical TDM Statistical Time Division Multiplexing (STDM) • Still Frames and Slots • But statistical TDM](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/81fa93afc432c08c4da11ff8e843eb1f/image-8.jpg)
Statistical Time Division Multiplexing (STDM) • Still Frames and Slots • But statistical TDM assigns slots as needed – Connections that need more slots get them – More efficient use of line than simple TDM – More expensive to implement – But STDMAis now Bcost-effective A A Frame
![Frequency Division Multiplexing FDM Signals are sent in different channels Signals sent Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM) • Signals are sent in different channels – Signals sent](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/81fa93afc432c08c4da11ff8e843eb1f/image-9.jpg)
Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM) • Signals are sent in different channels – Signals sent in different channels do not interfere – Brings economies of scale – Used in radio transmission Frequency A B Channel
![Combining TDM and FM Use Simple or statistical TDM Within a Channel Frequency Combining TDM and FM • Use Simple or statistical TDM Within a Channel Frequency](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/81fa93afc432c08c4da11ff8e843eb1f/image-10.jpg)
Combining TDM and FM • Use Simple or statistical TDM Within a Channel Frequency A B Channel
Upward multiplexing and downward multiplexing
Upward and downward multiplexing
Language
Communicative signals and informative signals
Animals and human language chapter 2
White light mixes
Sam purchased 20 dozens
Zahra mixes 150g of metal a
Device which mixes air and fuel
A muscular bag secretes gastric juice and mixes food around
A merchant mixes three varieties of rice costing