Multiculturalism in France Caroline West Caroline Westunivgrenoblealpes fr
Multiculturalism in France Caroline West Caroline. West@univ-grenoblealpes. fr
What is Multiculturalism? � 2010 - 2011 �Merkel: Multiculturalism has « utterly failed » � 30% Germans feel « overrun by foreigners »
What is Multiculturalism? �Cameron (Feb 2011) �Multicultural policies « a failure » �Foster extremist ideology + terrorism �Threat to women’s rights, integration, language, culture
What is Multiculturalism? �Nicolas Sarkozy: �Multiculturalism has failed – fosters extremism �Important to respect cultural differences
What is Multiculturalism? �France should have national community, not just co-existence of cultures � « Islam de France, non pas Islam en France »
sarkozy multiculturalism
What is Multiculturalism? �Pluralism: �a situation in which people of different social classes, religions, races, etc. , are together in a society but continue to have their different traditions and interests � Merriam Webster
What is Multiculturalism? �Pluralism �the : belief that people of different social classes, religions, races, etc. , should live together in a society � Merriam Webster
What is Multiculturalism? �La diversité: �Ensemble des personnes qui diffèrent les unes des autres par leur origine géographique, socio-culturelle ou religieuse, leur âge, leur sexe, leur orientation sexuelle etc et qui constituent la communauté nationale à laquelles appartiennent � Larousse
What is Multiculturalism? �Cultural Diversity �Ideologies and policies �Institutional recognition of separate or distinct identities
What is Multiculturalism? �Charles Taylor: �Universalism – equal dignity �Equal rights for all citizens
What is Multiculturalism? �Politics of equal dignity �- freedom �- absence of differenciated roles (equality) �- tight common purpose (fraternity)
What is Multiculturalism? �Politics of difference �- unique identity �- distinctness
What is Multiculturalism? �Integration = each element has equal value �Assimilation = deny difference by absorbing foreign contributions
What is Multiculturalism? �French History �Comparison with other countries
Course Outline 1 - Definitions of Multiculturalism France’s Republican model 2 – France’s Colonial History 3 - History of Immigration in France Example of Grenoble
Course Outline 4 – Integration: historical perspectives 5 – Facts and Figures: Population and Integration 6 – Comparison of European Policies 7 – Education and Integration
Course Outline 8 – Multiculturalism and Secularism 9 – City Planning and Integration
Course Requirements �One topic to be explored per group �Present and lead discussion
Course assessment �Term Paper : A comparative study of multicultural policies in France, _____ and ______. 3 000 words Double-spaced text Final submission date: 4 th May 2020 To be submitted via Chamilo platform: name on text and on file. Please specify if you are an IEP student or other on your paper.
Lesson One Historical Approach �France: a Nation-State �French Republic: ideals, human rights �Influence on notion of multiculturalism �Historical origins: France’s colonial history
Astérix
France as a Nation �Nation State: sovereign entity �State = political and geographical entity �Nation = cultural and/or ethnic entity �Nation-State = two coincide geographically
Nation-State � « an independent country, especially when thought of as consisting of a single large group of people all sharing the same language, traditions, and history” � https: //dictionary. cambridge. org/dictionary/english/nation-state
France as a Nation �Nation State recent concept �Did not exist pre-1500 s �Feudal system �Variety of laws and practices
France as a Nation �Consolidation of power by monarchs �Nationalism to encourage loyalty �Clearly established during 19 th century
France as a Nation �Centralization �Central Government = uniform law and practices �Trade �National armies
France as a Nation � 987 Hugh Capet king of West Francia = France �Louis XIV peak of French royal power �Followed by collapse of royal power � 1789 French Revolution �Transferred sovereignty from monarch to people
France as a Nation �Nation → State �State → Embodiment of nation
Jacobinism �Indivisible national sovereignty �Role of the state as transformer of society �Administrative centralization �Equality of citizens through equal rights �Uniform education to ensure uniform political concept of citizen
France as a Nation �Powerful state + indivisible sovereign and public authority = prevents nation fragmenting into particular interests �Active citizen → is the nation �State = guarantor of national political identity
France as a Nation �Contractual society between state and nation �Not privileges �Individual no longer at mercy of destiny �Choice of national citizenry not ethnic, cultural or biological
French Republicanism �Democracy ≠ monarchy �Laïcité ≠ clericalism �Republicanism = social contract �Rousseau : general will
France as a Nation �Specific rights to ethnic/religious groups ≠ ideals of 1789 Revolution �Immigrant chooses to become citizen �Equal to native French �National sentiments not judged by ethnic/religious criteria �Mistrust of « right to difference »
Napoleon Bonaparte �Chaos of French Revolution �National Law Code established �National military created �France as nation-state able to dominate feudal neighbours �Other peoples rallied as nation to defeat Napoleon
French Republic � « La France est une République indivisible, laïque, démocratique et sociale » �Republic is indivisible, secular, democratic, social
French Republic �One and indivisible = equal citizens, not separate communities �Social = Equality �Democratic = liberty �Secular = fraternity
French Republic �Nation = assembly of citizens united by common history, language, culture �Nation controls decisions to be made for common good
French Republic �Public service provides same acess to knowledge, security, mobility. �Education, police, transport all public services
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