MT EVEREST CLASS PRESENTATION Into Thin Air by

MT. EVEREST CLASS PRESENTATION Into Thin Air by Jon Krakauer

Who is Jon Krakauer By: Michael Hernandez & Eric Arroyo

Background Information * Born in Brookline Massachusetts * Introduced to mountaineering at age 8 in Corvallis, Oregon * He is 60 years old as of today * Is a writer in outdoor literature

Career in Life ● Climbed Everest in 1996 ● Wrote many books such as “Into thin air” which was voted book of the year ● Went to study at Hampshire college in Massachusetts ● Four of Krakauer’s team including their group leader perished while climbing through a storm

What and Why are the Himalayas important?

The Himalayas -The Himalayas are a long and tall mountain range, Mt. Everest is the highest point. -The Himalayas cross five countries: India, Nepal, Bhutan, China, Pakistan. -Almost 2, 500 kilometers from East to West. -Highest snowbound, dense temperate forests.

Himalayan Background -Peaks are sacred in both Buddhism and Hinduism. -The Himalayas are home to millions of people and hundreds of unique animal species. -It is also a region of fascinating cultural and spiritual heritage, where millions of people from diverse cultures and regions live.

What is Mt Everest? Geology, Elevation, and Climate

Geology ● 50 million years agos, the Indian plate collided with the Eurasian plate and continued to slide under it and cause the mountain to grow. ● Upper part of the mountain is made up of limestone ● The middle layers is made up of metamorphic rocks ● The lower layer mainly contains sedimentary rocks

Elevation and Climate ● Everest is 29, 035 feet tall ● During January its coldest is- 33℉ and can get up to 10 feet of snow on the summit. ● In July warmest is -2℉ on summit ● Summit never rises above freezing ● Wind can reach up to 50 mph

What does it cost to Climb Mt. Everest? Training and Costs

Training needed to climb Everest ● Cardiovascular exercises like biking, swimming, running, between 45 -60 minutes five times a week. ● Lifting weights to prevent muscle fatigue and hiking outdoor trails with added weight on your back for 3 hours. ● Having previous knowledge on rope skills and climbing glaciers. ● Having your mind mentally prepared by visualizing. ● Go rock climbing sup

Costs to climb Everest ● The average company cost $48, 000 on the south side and $37, 000 on the north side. ● When on climbing on your own you have to get a permit that costs $11, 000. ● Oxygen and Sherpa cost for climbing Everest would cost from $3, 440 -$11, 880. ● Extra supplies needed for the climb would cost from $9, 650 -$34, 400.

8000 Meter Peaks What are they and how many are there?

8000 Meter Peaks -There are 14 independant mountains all over 8000 meters in height that are located in the Himalayan and Karakoram mountain ranges which are the highest peaks in the world. -Italy and South Korea with the most people to successfully climb all 14 mountains. -14 mountains in order of height: 1)Everest 2)K 2 3) Kanchenjunga 4)Lhotse 5)Makalu 6)Cho Oyo 7)Dhaulagiri 8)Manaslu 9)Nanga Parbat 10)Annapurna 11)Gasherbrum 1 12)Broadpeak 13)Gasherbrum 2 14)Shisha Pangma

Success -First attempt at all 14 was a failure due to an avalanche - First success at any of the 14 was in 1950 by Maurice Herzog and Louis Lachenal at Annapurna -Reinhold Messner first to climb all 14 in 1986

Who are the Sherpa? Sophie Vega Grant Tracy

What are Sherpas? ● ● ● ● ● Sherpa = East People They are from the Eastern part of Nepal The oldest Sherpa village is Tengboch. Some Sherpas are living in America, specifically New York, which has the largest Sherpa community. The Sherpas are elite mountaineers, so they serve as guides at extremes altitude peaks. Sherpa men traditionally wear : long sleeved robes that are tied at the waist, and on their robes is a pocket that they attach, and that is used to carry and store small items. I love Ian Women typically wear l lotsong sleeved dresses that touch the floor. Their dresses are usually very colorful.

How are Sherpa utilized in Climbing Everest? ❏ The sherpas are usually happy and easygoing ❏ They take great pride in their mountaineering ❏ Since Sherpas carry more oxygen in their blood, they perform better at higher altitude ❏ Sherpas are used as a pack mule to carry rich white men’s stuff and guide them to the top of everest

Who is George Leigh Mallory? Kat Jernigan

Who Was George Leigh Mallory ● born on june 18 th 1886 in Mobberley, Cheshire England ● died on the 8 or 9 th of 1924 c on the North face of Mt. Everest ● was an English mountaineer and a teacher ● took part in the first 3 british expedition of Everest ● he served in World War 1 as a lieutenant ● was honored by having a court named ● after him at his alma mater

George Leigh mallory’s climbs ● ● 1910 attempted to climb Mt. Velan in the Alps 1911 he climbed Mt. Blanc in Europe 1913 he climbed Pillar Rock with no guide participated in the initial 1921 british reconnaissance expedition

Who is Sir Edmund Hillary? Jacob Mounts Kalea Mcconnon

Who is Sir Edmund Hillary - Sir Edmund Hillary was born on July 20 th 1919 - Sir Edmund Hillary died on January 11 2008 - He is an important person because he became the first person to reach the summit of Everest - For Sir Edmund Hillary climbing like this was only a hobby and not for competition - His biggest goal was to climb to the summit of everest

Hillarys Journey up Everest - Sir Edmund Hillary traveled up to everest with a British expedition - He climbed with them in 1958 - He stated that it was very uncomfortable and at some points it was painful - Most of them were tired and going low on oxygen

Who is Tenzing Norgay? By Katie Bianchi

Background info. on Tenzing Norgay ● Tenzing Norgay was born in May 1914 ● He was born in Tengoche, Khumba in northeaston Nepa ● Tenzing Norgay was a sherap. ● Tenzing Norgay died May of 1986

Tenzing Norgay’s accompishements ● Tenzing Norgay was known as a famous mountain climbers in history, he was one of the first known to have reached the summit of Mt. Everest; he accomplished with Edmund Hillary in May 1953. ● “Tenzing and Hillary were the first people to conclusively set their feet on the summit of Mount Everest…” Tenzing Norgay in Sweden (1967) Personal information Birth name Namgyal Wangdi Main discipline Mountaineer Born (1914 -05 -29)29 May 1914 Khumbu, Nepal Died 9 May 1986(1986 -05 -09) (aged 71) Darjeeling, India Nationality Nepalese, Indian

Who is Rob Hall?

Rob Hall background info ● Born January 14, 1961 ● Died May 11, 1996 ● Died of hypothermia during mt. everest expedition ● Grew up in New Zealand ● He was known for the 1996 disaster ● Growing up, he climbed in the South Alps

Rob Halls Expedition ● Was leader on mt everest expedition in 1996 ● The disaster happened on May 10 -11, 1996 ● Eight people died on that expedition ● Took numerous amount of days before the disaster happened

What is H. A. P. E. High Altitude Pulmonary Edema? Dylan Eddy Jackie Vieyra

What is HAPE? Accumulation of fluid in the air sacs of the lungs ● obtained through unacclimatized travelers exposed to high altitudes ●

Symptoms and Cures for HAPE ● shortness of breath, persistent cough with blood, chest tightness or congestion, and weakness ● cured with rest, viagra, and cialis

What is H. A. C. E. ? High Altitude Cerebral Edema By: Ian Knoblock & Sabrina Simili

High Altitude Cerebral Edema What is H. A. C. E? What it is: H. A. C. E is a condition in which the brain swells with fluids because of the physiological effects of traveling to a high altitude. When it occurs: When the body fails to acclimatize (to increase body elevation) while ascending to high altitude. If not treated in forty-eight hours, climber or patient will die. How to avoid it: Climber must acclimatize at a steady rate, allowing their bodies to adjust to the elevation. Patients are given supplemental oxygen to help recover if treated within forty-eight hours.

Symptoms of H. A. C. E What are the symptoms of H. A. C. E? Effects: ● Headache that is not relievable by over-counter pain medicine ● Constant nausea or vomiting ● Weakness or fatigue ● Difficulty sleeping ● Loss of one's appetite ● Staggered walking ● Confusion ● Visual hallucinations ● Changes in behavior and ability to think If not treated in forty-eight hours, climber or patient will go into a coma or experence death.

Recommended Gear on Everest Mireya Palacios and Halle Fehr

Now - Footwear: Climbing boots, hiking boots, running shoes, 5 different types of socks Clothing: long sleeve shirts, underwear (long), synthetic jacket and pants (waterproof), wind shirts Head and Hand gear: Fleece gloves, insulated climbing gloves, fleece hat, face mask (balaclava) Accessories: Ski goggles, head lamp with spare bulb and batteries Climbing equipment: Ice axe, crampons, harness (and carabiner), rappel device, ascenders Camping gear: backpack, sleeping bag, sleeping pad, water bottles, eating utensils Medical & Personal: first-aid kit water purification tablets, ear plugs Travel items: expedition duffel bag, nylon stuff sacks, small travel bag

Then and now -Most of the same equipment as modern times. Other accessories and equipment: - altimeter boots thermal jackets ice axe crampons helmet tents rope oxygen mask

Mt Everest Training and Costs BY KOBE AND AJ WHAA

COST TO CLIMB -M -O -U ountain permits cost about 10, 000 before your are able to start climbing ut of all the gear and material the cost can vary from 35 thousand to up to 65 thousand p to the climbers decisions, the cost depends on what you need and want to help you. Sherpas and Guides can cost up to an extra 20, 000 to have them help with your climbing -N -T umerous amounts of materials are needed to climb oxygen tanks, ice axe, climbing boots, jackets, and other gear he overall cost of an average climber usually comes out to 500000000000000000000

TRAINING The training for climbing can change in many different ways. Many climbers have set exercises that they do on a daily basis that changes day to day. Long distance running is a smart way to train. Also climbing experience would be helpful. Cardio leg workouts that involve endurance and strength in your legs. Also high altitude training can help with mountain climbing. There are several climbing classes to take before climbing that can help with technique and also help performance by building strength to help you and become a successfull