MSU Extension Chapter 4 Plant Growth Regulators MSU

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MSU Extension Chapter 4 Plant Growth Regulators

MSU Extension Chapter 4 Plant Growth Regulators

MSU Extension A plant growth regulator is a chemical that alters a plant’s vegetative

MSU Extension A plant growth regulator is a chemical that alters a plant’s vegetative growth or reproductive characteristics.

MSU Extension Growth Regulators n Anti- gibberellins or inhibitors – inhibits production of hormone

MSU Extension Growth Regulators n Anti- gibberellins or inhibitors – inhibits production of hormone that controls cell elongation n auxin type – similar to natural plant chemicals F 2, 4 -D, dicamba – growth regulators at sub lethal dose

MSU Extension Growth regulators are regulated by FIFRA as pesticides. Handle accordingly.

MSU Extension Growth regulators are regulated by FIFRA as pesticides. Handle accordingly.

MSU Extension Tree Growth Regulation Gibberellin inhibitors block cell elongation n Soil or trunk

MSU Extension Tree Growth Regulation Gibberellin inhibitors block cell elongation n Soil or trunk injected n – move in xylem to growth points n Activity depends on…. – – tree species application rate environmental conditions trimming severity

MSU Extension Tree Growth Regulation n Sprout inhibitors – incorporated into wound dressing materials

MSU Extension Tree Growth Regulation n Sprout inhibitors – incorporated into wound dressing materials – inhibit production of suckers or water sprouts

MSU Extension Roadside Turf Regulation Suppress seedhead development n Reduce growth… n – for

MSU Extension Roadside Turf Regulation Suppress seedhead development n Reduce growth… n – for 2 to 6 weeks – applied in spring before seedhead formation – treated turf is often darker green – different grasses respond differently

MSU Extension Broadleaf herbicides can often be mixed with growth regulators. Check labels carefully.

MSU Extension Broadleaf herbicides can often be mixed with growth regulators. Check labels carefully.

MSU Extension Roadside Turf Regulation n Selecting & using regulators… – results from the

MSU Extension Roadside Turf Regulation n Selecting & using regulators… – results from the type of regulator – rates vary by species – timing affects results – growth stage affects results – environmental conditions impact results

MSU Extension Rates are crucial. Small changes can have major impacts. Read label carefully.

MSU Extension Rates are crucial. Small changes can have major impacts. Read label carefully.

MSU Extension Chapter 5 Other Right- of- Way Pests

MSU Extension Chapter 5 Other Right- of- Way Pests

MSU Extension Pests n Plants are the major right-of-way pests. n Others could include.

MSU Extension Pests n Plants are the major right-of-way pests. n Others could include. . . – insects – diseases – vertebrates

MSU Extension Insect Pest Management n Insects can damage or destroy desirable plants –

MSU Extension Insect Pest Management n Insects can damage or destroy desirable plants – sucking sap, defoliation, boring n To control insects, you should understand…. – insect biology – insect life cycles

MSU Extension Periodically inspect for signs of insects and symptoms of their damage. Damaging

MSU Extension Periodically inspect for signs of insects and symptoms of their damage. Damaging insects have… - chewing mouthparts - piercing-sucking mouthparts

MSU Extension Manage insects with the principles of IPM. Life cycles are important in

MSU Extension Manage insects with the principles of IPM. Life cycles are important in designing an IPM approach.

MSU Extension Metamorphosis None, no change n Gradual n – young nymphs resemble adults

MSU Extension Metamorphosis None, no change n Gradual n – young nymphs resemble adults and feed in same habitat n Complete – egg, larval, pupal, adult – not all life stages may feed the same

MSU Extension Early life stages… - small larvae - first nymphs Are easier to

MSU Extension Early life stages… - small larvae - first nymphs Are easier to control.

MSU Extension Chewing Mouthparts n Types of insects – grasshoppers, beetles, caterpillars, borers, grubs

MSU Extension Chewing Mouthparts n Types of insects – grasshoppers, beetles, caterpillars, borers, grubs n Signs of activity (damage) – missing foliage, skeletonized foliage, bore holes, frass, sawdust, dying grass, no roots

Piercing- sucking Mouthparts n Types of insects – aphids, scales, plant bugs, leaf hoppers,

Piercing- sucking Mouthparts n Types of insects – aphids, scales, plant bugs, leaf hoppers, * mites n Signs of activity (damage) – honeydew, sooty mold, distorted foliage, foam, encrustations F * not a true insect MSU Extension

MSU Extension Insect Control Methods Host resistant n Biological control n Cultural control n

MSU Extension Insect Control Methods Host resistant n Biological control n Cultural control n Mechanical control n Sanitation n Chemical n

MSU Extension Many insects attack weakened or stressed plants. Healthy plants withstand pest attacks.

MSU Extension Many insects attack weakened or stressed plants. Healthy plants withstand pest attacks.

MSU Extension Plant selection is crucial for reducing plant and pest problems!

MSU Extension Plant selection is crucial for reducing plant and pest problems!

MSU Extension Disease is any departure from normal plant growth. .

MSU Extension Disease is any departure from normal plant growth. .

MSU Extension Causes of Disease n Virus n Bacteria n Fungi n Environmental factors

MSU Extension Causes of Disease n Virus n Bacteria n Fungi n Environmental factors n Cultural practices

MSU Extension Symptoms of Disease n Over- development – galls, swellings, leaf curls n

MSU Extension Symptoms of Disease n Over- development – galls, swellings, leaf curls n Under- development – stunting, lack of chlorophyll, incomplete development n Death of tissue – blights, leaf spots, wilting, cankers

MSU Extension Remember, different causes can produce the same symptoms! Healthy plants live longer!

MSU Extension Remember, different causes can produce the same symptoms! Healthy plants live longer!

MSU Extension Avoiding using the same spray equipment for herbicides and pest management.

MSU Extension Avoiding using the same spray equipment for herbicides and pest management.

MSU Extension Pests in Wood structures can be invaded and damaged by… – insects

MSU Extension Pests in Wood structures can be invaded and damaged by… – insects – fungi n To treat wood, you must be certified in category 2 A

MSU Extension Vertebrate Pests n Animals with a backbone – mice, rats, beavers, rabbits,

MSU Extension Vertebrate Pests n Animals with a backbone – mice, rats, beavers, rabbits, deer, woodchucks n For control, permits are required from MDNR – check before acting – small rodents exempt

MSU Extension Vertebrate Control n Mechanical – traps F non- target hazard Sanitation n

MSU Extension Vertebrate Control n Mechanical – traps F non- target hazard Sanitation n Chemical n – non- target hazard