MRTA Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement Origins Objectives and
MRTA Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement
Origins, Objectives and Doctrines Taylor Maloney
Predecessors ● The Shining Path, founded in the late 1960’s ○ Massacred many Peruvian citizens ● Peru’s history of postcolonial oppressive regimes
Origins ● Formed in 1983 by radical college students Miguel Rincon, Victor Polay and Nestor Cerpa. ● Used the name Tupac as an anti-colonial reference ● Result of merging the Marxist Revolutionary Socialist Party and the militant faction of the Revolutionary Left Movement
Objectives ● Pushed for a more leftist Peruvian government ● Fighting imperialism and postcolonialism ● Use disruption over violence to liberate the people of Peru
Doctrines ● Communist/Marxist writings were used like the Communist Manifesto, Das Kapital, etc. ● Drew upon works like Jose Carlos Martiategui’s “Seven Interpretive Essays on Peruvian Reality” - a mix of indigenous resistance and Marxism, resulting in a unique ideology
Support, Finances, and Recruiting Methods Jibran Ali
Support ● Political prestige
Funding ● Benzoylmethylecgonine ● Hostages
Recruitment ● Rural presence ○ The town of Juanjuí ● The interwebs
Strategy, Targets, and Methods of Operations Alexis Ruiz
STRATEGIES ● Purposely warned people of attacks in advance ● Change in strategy during 1990 s ● Bank robberies, bombings, ambushes, and assassinations ● Hostages and kidnappings
TARGETS ● Focused on governmental or symbolic targets ● Peru’s security forces, the press, and banks ● International and domestic businesses ● U. S. economic enterprises, installations, and personal
OPERATIONS ● Bombed offices of the Interior Ministry (January 1991) ● Bombed U. S. Marine Security Guard (1983) ● U. S. Embassy Bombing (January 1991) ● Kentucky Fried Chicken bombing (February 1991)
JAPANESE EMBASSY HOSTAGE ● December 19, 1996 ● Held 72 Hostages ● Lasted 126 days ● Peruvian Forces killed all 14 MRTA members
Intelligence ● Carceles del pueblo ● Recaptured the founder of MRTA, Victor Polay Campos
Self Coup ● Shut down Congress ● Eliminated the Supreme Court ● Implemented anti terrorist legislation
Cartagena Agreement ● Signed between the United States and Andean Countries ● Expanded economic and military assistance to help increase the effectiveness of counternarcotics and counterinsurgency efforts
Grupo Colina ● Secretively created in 1990 within Armed Forces ● Comprised of intelligence officers ● In an eight month period, 34 people were killed
The Hostage Crisis ● Negotiations ● Armed Assault ● Last major operation conducted by MRTA
- Slides: 20