Mr B Armstrong Ripley St Thomas Y 10

Mr B. Armstrong, Ripley St. Thomas Y 10 30 minutes of revision: Causes of World War One

Arms Race s e nc a i l l A Military Planning n a c c o r o M 1 Crisis st Bosnian Crisis 2 nd Moroccan Crisis 2 Balkan Wars Death of Franz Ferdinand

Why it happened How it happened What were the outcomes?

ALLIANCES Why it happened 1. Countries in Europe were worried about each other. 2. Germany and France were particularly opposed; so were Britain and Germany 3. Alliances were supposed to make war between rivals impossible. How it happened 1. 1882 Triple Alliance (Germany, Austria. Hungary, Italy) formed. 2. 1904 Entente Cordiale signed as friendly agreement between France and Britain. 3. 1907 Anglo-Russian Agreement signed. This and the Entente Cordiale were called Triple Alliance What were the outcomes? 1. Two large armed camps in Europe. 2. Although they were supposed to prevent war, in reality it just meant that war became more likely and would involve multiple countries.

NAVAL RACE Why it happened 1. Britain was proud of large navy. 2. 1898 and 1900 Germany passed Naval Laws to make navy larger. 3. Britain saw this as a threat. They needed naval power for their empire. How it happened 1. Britain formed the “Two-Power Standard” for the navy. 2. In 1906 the Dreadnought was invented. Then the Super-Dreadnought in 1911 3. Britain and Germany competed to make the most dreadnoughts. The British public supported this. What were the outcomes? 1. Both countries spent a huge amount of money on the new ships. 2. Having more ships made war more likely. 3. The ships were important in the Moroccan Crisis.

MILITARY PLANNING Why it happened How it happened 1. Many countries in Europe distrusted each other. It only seemed like a matter of time until war broke out. 2. Each country needed a plan to help their partners in the alliances. 1. Germany made the Schlieffen Plan. 2. Britain created the British Expeditionary Force. 3. France wrote Plan 17. 4. Austria-Hungary made the largest artillery in Europe at their Skoda factories. 5. Russia armed a huge army. What were the outcomes? 1. Each country was ready for war, so war was more likely. 2. More than 10 million soldiers were armed across the various countries of Europe. 3. Newspapers and films promoted patriotic ideas of the glory of fighting a war.

Russian postcard from 1913

1 st MOROCCAN CRISIS - Tangiers Why it happened How it happened 1. Kaiser wanted his “place in the sun”. 2. Germany and France both wanted influence in Morocco. 1. 1905 Kaiser Wilhelm II travelled to Tangiers in Morocco. 2. He paraded through Tangiers and announced that he wanted to guarantee Moroccan independence. This would block French plans. 3. A conference was held at Algeciras in Spain in 1906 to sort out the issue. What were the outcomes? 1. Morocco was guaranteed as independent. 2. France was given control of the Moroccan police with Spain. 3. Britain and Russia supported France and Britain held talks to begin joint military planning.

2 nd MOROCCAN CRISIS - Agadir Why it happened How it happened 1. 1911 a rebellion broke out in Morocco. 2. The Sultan asked for French help. 3. The Germans were still annoyed over their failure in the 1 st Moroccan Crisis and jealous of French influence in the area. 1. France sent soldiers to protect their interests. 2. Germany sent the Panther to protect their interests and stop France taking over. 3. Britain saw this as a threat. They began to put their naval base at Gibraltar on a war footing. They announced support of France. What were the outcomes? 1. Germany had to back down. They were given 100, 000 square miles of useless swamp in the Congo as compensation. 2. Britain and France had pulled together – they knew their alliance was solid. 3. Britain and France were more suspicious of Germany.

Bosnian problems 1908 -13 Why it happened How it happened 1. Austria-Hungary was worried about the Balkans, particularly Bosnia and Serbia. 2. Serbia wanted to be powerful and form Greater Serbia 3. Russia wanted influence in the Balkans and to prevent Austria. Hungary being too powerful. 1. Austria-Hungary annexed Bosnia meaning that it took control. 2. In 1912 -13, the Balkan states fought Turkey and each other; Serbia came out as the most powerful state. 3. Germany and Russia came close to war in support of Austria and Serbia. What were the outcomes? 1. Each country involved was angry – Bosnia and Serbia for the takeover; Russia at Germany and Austria. 2. Each country decided never to back down again. Russia and Germany both swore to follow through on threats in future. 3. Serbia formed the Black Hand Gang.

Franz Ferdinand murdered Austria gave 10 point ultimatum to Serbia ignored ultimatum Britain honoured Treaty of London and declared war on Germany Schlieffen Plan – Germany invades France through Belgium Austria invaded Serbia Russia prepared for war to support Serbia Germany declared war on France. Germany warned Russia; War declared.

A es c n llia ace R s ry a t i Mil ns Pla kan s l a B lem b pro nz d a r F nan i d r Fe illed k Arm t 1 s an cc o r Mo risis C d 2 n an cc o r Mo risis C t n i Po um 0 t 1 a im Ult ar w o Sl t e id WAR

M A N I A Militarism – countries were getting ready for war, e. g. Naval race, arms race, military plans and conscription. Alliances – countries had grouped together into two rival gangs which were ready to fight. Nationalism – countries were proud of their identity and this caused problems, e. g. Serbians and Bosnians against Austria. Imperialism - countries wanting to take over an empire, e. g. Britain defending British Empire, France and Germany being involved in Morocco, Austria-Hungary annexing Bosnia. Awful governments – governments which made bad decisions and were unpopular with their people, e. g. Hapsburgs in Austria.