Moving Penguin Clker 2011 P P Penguin Personality

Humboldt Penguins most common captive species I N T R O D U C

16 Humboldt Penguins at Newquay Zoo M E T H O D 8 Males

Mirror Test M E T H O D Humboldt Penguin (Fuller 2013) The Vocalisation

M E T H O D Penguin Enclosure (Fuller 2013) Cartoon Penguin (Clker 2011)

Day 2. Own Call vs Mirror Test 6 6 5 5 4 3 PENGUINS

Moving Penguin (Clker 2011) Conclusion Response to own calls = Response to own reflection

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Moving Penguin (Clker 2011) P. P…. . Penguin Personality & Intelligence Do Humboldt Penguins (Spheniscus humboldti) exhibit any awareness of self? Rebecca Fuller BSc Applied Zoology rebecca. fuller 760@live. cornwall. ac. uk Humboldt Penguin (Fuller 2013)

Humboldt Penguins most common captive species I N T R O D U C T I O N Vulnerable by IUCN Penguins Social Species Apes (Hominoidea), Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops truncates) Corvid family European Magpie (Pica pica) – Mirror Test King Penguins recognise each others vocals Prior H, Schwarz A, Güntürkün O (2008) Mirror-Induced Behavior in the Magpie (Pica pica): Evidence of Self-Recognition. PLo. S Biol 6(8) Aubin T, Jouventin P, Hildebrand C (2013) Penguins use the two-voice system to recognize each other. PLo. S 267 Humboldt Penguin (Fuller 2013) S. Humboldti Range (Surbound 2014)

16 Humboldt Penguins at Newquay Zoo M E T H O D 8 Males 8 Females 3 Chicks First 3 days 5 mins of observation Photo ID - Spot Patterns PATCH Humboldt Penguin (Fuller 2013) EBONY ICKLE PICKLE

Mirror Test M E T H O D Humboldt Penguin (Fuller 2013) The Vocalisation Test Mirror Test Ethogram Vocalisation Ethogram Behaviour Mirror (RAFT 2014) Definition Behaviour Definition Flight behaviour 1 No vocals, quickly moving away from sound Flight behaviour 1 Running away from the mirror Timid behaviour Indifferent behaviour Alert and inquisitive behaviour Interactive behaviour 2 No vocals, slowly moving away from sound 4 Aware of sound alertness towards it Timid behaviour 2 Moving away from the mirror Indifferent behaviour 3 No reaction to mirror Alert and inquisitive 4 Looking at and approaching mirror behaviour 5 Aware of sound and vocalisation response Interactive behaviour 3 No vocals, no reaction to sound Interacting with mirror (pecking, moving 5 about it in front of mirror)

M E T H O D Penguin Enclosure (Fuller 2013) Cartoon Penguin (Clker 2011)

Day 2. Own Call vs Mirror Test 6 6 5 5 4 3 PENGUINS 2 0 0 0 1 2 3 MIRROR SCORING 4 0 5 Day 3. Own Call vs Mirror Test 1 2 3 MIRROR SCORING 4 5 Normality tests – Normal distribution 6 5 VOCAL SCORING 4 1 1 R E S U L T S VOCAL SCORING Day 1. Own Call vs Mirror Test 4 3 PENGUINS 2 1 0 0 1 2 3 MIRROR SCORING 4 5 Positive correlation (Weak)

Moving Penguin (Clker 2011) Conclusion Response to own calls = Response to own reflection Bold in one test = Bold in another Rest of Project – Novel Item & Feeding Further studies – Mirror Mark test Other captive populations Other species of penguin Ickle Pickle (Trevenna 2013)