MOVING INDIA FORWARD Urban Infrastructure Challenges Policy Options

MOVING INDIA FORWARD Urban Infrastructure: Challenges & Policy Options for Low Carbon Mobility AMIT BHATT, DIRECTOR, INTEGRATED TRANSPORT A product of WRI Ross Center for Sustainable Cities

INDIA Population: 1. 2 Billion (2011 Census) The second-most populated country in the world, population expected to surpass China in 2030. India occupies 2. 4% of world’s area and supports 16. 9% of the world’s population Population in million Population Growth 1270, 00 2, 5 2 1220, 00 1, 5 1170, 00 1 1120, 00 0, 5 1070, 00 14 13 20 20 12 11 20 10 20 20 09 08 20 20 07 06 Source: Census 2011 20 00 20 20 19 90 0 1020, 00 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

HOW INDIA COMMUTES TO WORK: CENSUS 2011 Commute Pattern Commuting in Mega Cities On foot Bicycle 23% Moped/Scooter/Motor Cycle 30% Car/Jeep/Van Tempo/Auto/Taxi Bus 1% Train Water Transport Any other No Travel Source: The Hindu, 2015, Census 2011 13% 3% 11% 3% 13% 3% Source: The Hindu, 2015, Census 2011

TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE IN INDIA Road Rail Air Water • Total Road Length: 48, 65, 394 km • NH: 76, 818 km • SH: 1, 64, 360 • Rural Roads: 19, 38, 220 km • Urban Roads: 4, 64, 294 km • Road Length increased 12 times between 1951 to 2012 • Road Length per 1000 sq. km: 1480 km • Road Length per 1000 Population: 4. 03 km • 7500 Railway Stations • 64, 600 km route • 12000 and 7000 pass & freight trains a day • 2. 8 million tonnes of freight a day • 25 million pass a day • 3 rd Largest Rail Network in the World • 132 Airports in India • 32 International and 154 Domestic Airport • 27 Proposed Airports • 20 operational airlines in India • 407. 96 million international passenger traffic handled • 121. 51 million domestic passenger traffic handled in 2011 -12 • 1. 4 and 0. 8 million tonnes of cargo handled in 201112 • 12 Major Ports and 200 non-Major Ports • 917 million tones of Cargo traffic Handled • 21. 5 million passenger traffic handled • 6 National Waterways of length 4503 km serving 15 states • 40% of cargo and 98% of passenger traffic handled by non-major ports. Source: Infrastructure Statistics -2014 , Mo. SPI

SNAPSHOT OF SHARE OF TRANSPORT BY MODE IN INDIA Year Passenger By Public Transport Share of passengers by mode Traffic by air 2% Traffic by Railway 13% Traffic by Road 85% 2/3 rd of which is Bus Transport Source : CRISL | Railway | Aviation | CIRT 2012 -13 Passenger KM in Billion 5756 Traffic by air 108 Traffic by Railway 740 Traffic by Road 4908 % share of Road Transport 85% Traffic by Buses % share of Bus 4173 74% Traffic by State transport buses 485 % share of STU buses 8% Traffic by Private operated buses 3688 % share of Private buses 64%

URBANIZATION ‘S’ CURVE

COMPACT CITIES: HEALTHIER AND SAFER ATLANTA BARCELONA Atlanta’s built-up area Barcelona’s built-up area Population: 5. 26 million Total area: 16, 605 km 2 Urban area: 7692 km 2 Transport emissions: 6. 9 tonnes CO 2 p. c. Traffic fatalities: 564 per year Population: 5 million Total area: 3263 km 2 Urban area: 648 km 2 Transport emissions: 1. 2 tonnes CO 2 p. c. Traffic fatalities: 31 per year Source: LSE research, drawing on data from Atlanta Regional Commission (2014), Autoritat del Transport Metropolita (Area de Barcelona) (2013), Gen. Cat (2013), UCSB (2014), D’Onofrio (2014), based on latest data.

HOW DO WE DO THIS? AVOID SHIFT IMPROVE The need for long motorized trips To the most sustainable modes Efficiency and service

Biggest opportunity is now

SCALING SUSTAINABLE MOBILITY Source: Dalkmann, WRI

HIGH QUALITY PUBLIC TRANSPORT THROUGH BUSES `

BICYCLE SHARING – BHOPAL

STREETS FOR ALL – RAAHGIRI DAY RANCHI

MASS TRANSIT RIDERSHIP IN INDIA CITIES Sl. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 City Mumbai Metro - Line 1 Kolkata Metro Delhi Metro Bangalore Metro i. Bus (BRT) Kochi Metro Rapid Metro Gurgaon Mumbai Mono Rail Jaipur Metro Chennai Metro Approx Ridership (Pax / Km) 35000 20000 12000 9000 6000 2500 2000 1500 1000

Thank you abhatt@wri. org