Movements of Joints Introduction While describing movements of
Movements of Joints
Introduction �While describing movements of the several body segments, and when analyzing sports movements to determine in which joints range of movements must be increased or which muscle groups need to be strengthened to improve performance. � It is essential to use a commonly accepted or standardized language. � The definitions of the terms for various movements that follow are standard. � Physical educators and coaches should use these terms when describing techniques for execution of movement skills.
Anatomical Position
Flexion • Movement of a segment of the body causing a decrease in the angle at the joint. • Such as bending the arm at the elbow the leg at the knee. • Tipping of the head forward and backward is also called flexion at neck. • Movement in the sagittal plane about a frontal axis.
Lateral Flexion • Sideward bending of the neck and truck is called lateral flexion.
Hyper Flexion • This term refers only to the movement of the upper arm. • When the arm is flexed beyond the vertical, it is considered to be hyper flexed in other joints of the body flexion is terminated by contact of the moving segment with another part of the body e. g. the forearm against the upper arm.
Extension • Movement in the opposite direction of flexion which causes an increase in the angle at the joint, such as straightening the elbow or the knee. • Movement in the sagittal plane about a frontal axis.
Horizontal Extension/ Abduction � It occurs when the body segment extends through the horizontal plane away from the midline of body. � In putting the shot, the opposite arm moves through the horizontal extension.
Horizontal Adduction/Flexion: Movement in the horizontal plane toward the midline of the body.
HYPER EXTENSION It’s an extension of a body segment to a position beyond its normal extended position, such as arching the back or extending the leg at the hip beyond its vertical position.
Abduction • Sideward movement away from the midline or sagital plane or in the case of fingers, away from the midline of the hand. • Movement in the frontal plane about a sagittal (AP) axis.
Hyper Abduction � It refers to the movement of the upper arm after it has passed the vertical during abduction.
Adduction �The return movement from abduction or the opposite of abduction. �The return to anatomical position is called adduction. �Movement in the frontal plane about a sagittal (A-P) axis.
Hyper Adduction • It is adduction beyond the midline of the body.
ROTATION It’s a movement of a segment around its own longitudinal axis. A body segment may be rotated inward (medially) or outward (laterally). The scapula may be rotated upward or downward and the spine may rotate to the right or the left. Movement in the transverse plane about a longitudinal axis.
Circumduction • Movement of a body segment in which the segment describes a cone with the apex at the joint and the base at the distal end of the segment. • Circumduction is possible at the shoulder, hip, wrist, trunk, neck, ankle, the metacarpal, phalangeal and the metatarsal -phalangeal joints.
Elevation �It occurs at shoulder girdle when the shoulder is lifted, as in shrugging the shoulders.
� It is the opposite of elevation.
Protraction �Movement of the scapulae away from the midline of the body, as when broadening the shoulders.
Retraction It is the opposite movement to protraction at scapulae.
Inversion � It’s rotation of the foot turning the sole inward.
EVERSION � It’s a rotation of the foot turning the sole outward.
Dorsiflexion • It occurs when the top of the foot is drawn toward the tibia.
Plantar Flexion �The Opposite movement (pushing the foot downward) is called plantar flexion.
Pronation �It is rotation of the hand forearm downward, resulting in palm-down position.
Supination • It is rotation of the hand forearm upward, resulting in a “palm-up” position.
. THANK YOU VERY MUCH
- Slides: 27