Movement Terminology Course Content I II Introduction to

Movement Terminology

Course Content I. II. Introduction to the Course Biomechanical Concepts Related to Human Movement III. Anatomical Concepts Related to Human Movement IV. Qualitative Analysis of Human Movement

Movement Terminology 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Types of motion Reference systems Fundamental movements in the sagittal plane Fundamental movements in the frontal plane Fundamental movements in the transverse plane

Types of Motion motion – change in position with respect to some reference frame n What causes motion? n Force!!!

Linear Motion – Point Model translation rectilinear curvilinear Definition Role of COG?

Angular Motion – Link Model Axis rotation Role –of Definition fixed COG? or moving

General Motion

Reference Positions Fundamental Standing Position Fig 2. 9 Anatomical Standing Position

Sagittal Plane Mediolateral (ML)Axis Frontal Axis Bilateral Axis 2 -6 Planes & Axes

Sagittal Plane Frontal Plane Mediolateral (ML)Axis Anteroposterior (AP) Axis Sagittal Axis 2 -6

Sagittal Plane Frontal Plane Transverse Plane Mediolateral (ML)Axis Superior-Inferior (SI) Axis Anteroposterior (AP) Axis Longitudinal Axis Vertical Axis 2 -6

Movement Terminology 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Types of motion Reference systems Fundamental movements in the sagittal plane Fundamental movements in the frontal plane Fundamental movements in the transverse plane

Sagittal Plane – Fundamental Movements n n n Flexion Extension Hyperextension Hyperflexion Plantar flexion Dorsiflexion Flexion and extension do not refer to muscle contraction!!!

Frontal Plane – Fundamental Movements n n n n n Abduction Adduction Left lateral flexion Right lateral flexion Hyperabduction Hyperadduction Radial deviation Ulnar deviation Inversion Eversion To observe, look at the plane, down the axis!!!

Transverse Plane – Fundamental Movements n Medial rotation ¨ Inward, n Internal Lateral rotation ¨ Outward, n n External Left rotation Right rotation Supination Pronation Forearm in neutral position

Transverse Plane – Fundamental Movements n n Horizontal adduction Horizontal abduction

Other Points n n n Circumduction combines sagittal (flexion, extension) and frontal plane (abduction, adduction) motions. Although inversion & eversion occur around the long axis of the bone like transverse plane movements, they are considered frontal plane movements because of the orientation of the foot in anatomical position. All movements defined in this slide show are rotational movement, even though we use the word rotation only for transverse plane motions.

Other Points (cont. ) n n Not all joints permit movement in all 3 planes – learn the planes of movement associated with each joint. Movement terms for each plane vary across joints – learn appropriate terminology for each joint.