MOVEMENT SYSTEM Grade XI Movement Passive the movement

MOVEMENT SYSTEM Grade XI

Movement �Passive: the movement of some body’s parts Example : plant’s movement �Active : movement of the whole body which enables it to move from one place to the other place Example : human’s movement

Organs Composing Movement System 1. Muscle : an active movement organ 2. Bone : Passive moving organ 3. Joints the connection between 2 or more bones

• Support-giving shape to the body • Protection • Movement • Mineral storage- calcium & phosphate • Blood cell formation- hematopoiesis

Composition of Skeletal System Types of Bone Fibrous connective tissue Shape Cartilage Compact bone Pipe Hyaline ligaments Spongy Bone Flat Elastic tendon Short Fibrous sesamoid Irreguler

Compact Bone

Running perpendicular to the haversian canals are Volkmann’s canals. They connect the blood and nerve supply in the periosteum to those in the haversian canals and the medullary cavity.

Spongy Bone

�Sponge like structures called trabeculae �Red bone marrow produces blood cell �Hip bone, ribs, chest, backbone, at the end of arm and leg bone

Bone Shape

Pipe Bone �Femur �Humerus �Radius �Ulna �Tibia �Fibula

Flat bone �Cranium �Ribs �Sternum �Scapula

Short Bone �Cube shaped �Wrist bone ( carpals ) �Ankle bone ( tarsals )

Sesamoid bone �Seed like shape

Irregular bone �Vertebrae �Maxilla �Facial bone �Coxal bone

Cartilage

�Chondroblast chondrocytes �Chondrocytes surrounded by chondroitin sulphate matrix

Tissues Matrix characteristics Hyaline cartilage Bluish- white Tranparant Collagen fiber Location Fibroblast cartilage Bone joint Knee backbone Dark and yellowish Collagen Elasctic cartilage Yellowish- white Net like tissue Joint surface Bronchi Larynx Tip of rib and waist bone Outer ear Epiglottis Larynx

Skeletal System Formation

275 bones 12 weeks (6 -9 inches long)

Formation of the Skeleton �Before. week 8, the human embryonic skeleton is made of cartilage and mesenchyme �After week 8, bone tissue begins to replace the cartilage � The development of bone from a mesenchyme called intramembranous ossification. � The replacement of cartilage with bone is known as endochondral ossification.

Joints

Synarthrosis Amphiarthrosis Diarthrosis –sinovial Ball and socket Hinge Pivot Gliding Saddle

Classification of Skeleton

Muscular System

MUSCLE TYPE No. Comparator Factors Skeletal Muscle Smooth Muscle Cardiac Muscle 1 Structure Striped Not striped Striped 2 Reaction fast slow rthymic 3 Nervous system control conscious unconscious 4 anatomi Lot of nuclei, perifer One nuclei, center 5 location Attached to bones Internal organ system heart 6 paricularity Easy to weary, Regular actinmyosin, branched Irregular actinmyosin

SKELETAL MUSCLE CELL