Mountain Pine Beetle Life Cycle During the months

Mountain Pine Beetle

Life Cycle During the months ofbark Julyand andinto August the Females go through cambial Females emit pheromones to attract male and When Female fully makes grown egg the gallery larvae hollow and places out a eggs pupal in adult pine beetles emerge. Male They and form Female individual mate feeding under tunnels the bark These new Larvae adults dig hatch out in and 7 -10 the days cycle repeats area of tree female Pine Beetles cell niches and pupate

Phases of Population Growth Endemic: in natural state Pine Beetles exist in… damaged trees lightening storms the presence of the Armillaria root rot time of a recent attack by bark beetles. Incipient: Rising Population In times of draught

Phases of Population Growth continued Epidemic: Widely Prevalent Large availability of Phloem Healthy trees are attacked Declining: Population decreases fail to locate a host tree may exude enough resin to inhibit the larval development Predators woodpeckers Enoclerus lecontei Enoclerus sphegus Temnochila chlorodia Medetera aldrichii Parasites Lingering cold periods

Abiotic Limiting Factors of… The Mountain Pine Beetle Lodgepole Pine Cold temperature Forest Fires Elevation Lightening Storms Fire Draught Insecticides Lack of Fires Soil Quality Lack of Nitrogen Elevation

Biotic Limiting Factors of the Mountain Pine Beetle � Healthy Trees � Predators: � Enoclerus lecontei � Enoclerus sphegus � Medetera aldrichii � Temnochila chlorodia � Woodpeckers- break through bark and eat larvae � Parasites � Roptrocerus xylophagorum � Dinotiscus burkei � Coeloides sp. nr. brunneri � Lack of Phloem: Phloem is a living tissue that carries photosynthate to all parts of the plant � Pine Beetles feed on this

Biotic Limiting Factors of the Lodgepole Pine �Mountain Pine Beetles �Deforestation �Bluestain fungi �Weevil �Spruce spider mite �Lodgepole sawfly �Lodgepole Needle miner �Sugar Pine Tortrix �Pine Tube Moth �Pandora Moth �Dwarf Mistletoe

Mountain Pine Beetle Niche �While developing, their niche is individual cells filled with frass. �Frass: digested plant matter �In adult stages: niche is the cambial layer of the Pine Tree which is filled with egg galleries made for offspring �Lodgepole Pines are usually found at an elevation between 8, 500 and 10, 000 feet in the mountains. �Mountain Pine Beetles are native to this area

Effects on Lodge Pole Pines �All native and introduced pines are susceptible �Likely to be harmed by a specific thing �Become next years infection source �Signs: �Pitch Tubes or Small Holes �Boring Dust �Brown, Pink, Yellow, and White

Signs and Symptoms � Popcorn shaped, Pitch Tubes � On trunk where tunnel begins � Boring Dust � In Bark crevices � Evidence of Wood Pecker � Patches of bark are removed � Foliage � Yellowish to Reddish � 8 to 10 months after attack � Presence of Live Mountain Pine Beetle � Blue Stained Sap wood

Climate of Colorado �Increase in elevation comes a decrease in temperature and an increase in precipitation � Rocky Mountains in West and Plains in East, Foothills between the two �Climate Change in 100 Years: � Rising Temperatures � Increased precipitation � Altered surface water flow � Warmed faster than the U. S. average � Temperature increases at higher and lower altitudes � Further in future likely to see higher temperatures and more precipitation � Water resources to become less secure � Summer and Winter Temps. to increase by 5 degrees � Fall and Spring Temps to increase by 3 degrees

Forests Managed �Colorado State Forest Service (CSFS) �Provides forestry recommendations �Implementation assistance �Private land owners �Communities �CSFS Nursery Seedling Tree Program �Tree planting �Benefit the environment

Climate and Management Influence �Management: � Burning, burying, chipping or removing infested logs � Solar treatments � Peel away bark by hand or mechanically � Chemical controls �Climate � Extreme cold temperatures reduce population � Temperature of 30 degrees below zero for five days � Temperature influences everything in their life � Number of Eggs

Importance of Forests and Impacts of Mountain Pine Beetle Eruption � Importance of Forests in Colorado: � � � Photosynthesis Remove Co 2 from atmosphere and store it in organic compounds (biomass) Help to stabilize earth’s temperature Slow global warming Habitat for Colorado’s wildlife � Impact of Mountain Pine Beetle Eruption: � Economy � Trees Destroyed Halts production of timber � Money to kill beetles � Ecology � Destroys Habitats

Resources � http: //csfs. colostate. edu/pages/mountain-pine-beetle. html � http: //learnmoreaboutclimate. colorado. edu/uploads/model-lessons/mountain -pine-beetles/mpb. pdf � http: //www. fs. fed. us/ccrc/topics/bark-beetles. shtml � http: //ext. nrs. wsu. edu/forestryext/foresthealth/notes/mountainbeetle. htm � http: //www. fs. fed. us/r 2/fhm/bugcrud/silvmpb. htm � http: //www. thefreedictionary. com/epidemic � http: //www. na. fs. fed. us/spfo/pubs/fidls/we_pine_beetle/wpb. htm � http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Phloem � http: //www. barkbeetles. org/mountain/mpb. html � http: //www. uwsp. edu/geo/projects/virtdept/ipvft/lodgep. html � http: //www. na. fs. fed. us/pubs/silvics_manual/Volume_1/pinus/contort a. htm