Motorcycle crashes and current crash avoidance technology on

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Motorcycle crashes and current crash avoidance technology on passenger vehicles 2018 Summit of the

Motorcycle crashes and current crash avoidance technology on passenger vehicles 2018 Summit of the National Association of State Motorcycle Safety Administrators Eric Teoh iihs. org

Advanced driver assistance features Currently available on passenger vehicles lane change assist rear cross

Advanced driver assistance features Currently available on passenger vehicles lane change assist rear cross traffic alert blind spot detection parking assist/ vision self parking lane departure warning left turn assist parking assist rear automatic braking lane change assist rear cross traffic alert blind spot detection self parking front adaptive crash cruise prevention control lane departure warning cross traffic alert

What if crash avoidance technologies see motorcycles? Current and rapidly-evolving technologies

What if crash avoidance technologies see motorcycles? Current and rapidly-evolving technologies

Studied three classes of crash avoidance technologies Available on passenger vehicles at time of

Studied three classes of crash avoidance technologies Available on passenger vehicles at time of study 4 Front crash prevention – Warns and/or brakes if approaching another vehicle too quickly and the driver takes no evasive action – E. g. FCW, AEB, City Safety, Eye. Sight

Studied three classes of crash avoidance technologies Available on passenger vehicles at time of

Studied three classes of crash avoidance technologies Available on passenger vehicles at time of study 4 Front crash prevention – Warns and/or brakes if approaching another vehicle too quickly and the driver takes no evasive action – E. g. FCW, AEB, City Safety, Eye. Sight 4 Lane maintenance – Warns and/or corrects direction if vehicle unintentionally begins to exit lane and the driver does not correctively steer – E. g. LDW, lane keeping assist, lane centering

Studied three classes of crash avoidance technologies Available on passenger vehicles at time of

Studied three classes of crash avoidance technologies Available on passenger vehicles at time of study 4 Front crash prevention – Warns and/or brakes if approaching another vehicle too quickly and the driver takes no evasive action – E. g. FCW, AEB, City Safety, Eye. Sight 4 Lane maintenance – Warns and/or corrects direction if vehicle unintentionally begins to exit lane and the driver does not correctively steer – E. g. LDW, lane keeping assist, lane centering 4 Blind-spot detection – Warns the driver of the presence of another vehicle in the blind spot, may intervene if lane change is attempted – E. g. BSW, BLIS, BSM, Blind Spot Intervention

Effect on motorcycle crashes Passenger vehicle front crash prevention, lane maintenance, blind spot detection

Effect on motorcycle crashes Passenger vehicle front crash prevention, lane maintenance, blind spot detection 4 Do systems on passenger vehicles detect motorcycles? 4 If so, how many crashes potentially could be prevented or mitigated?

Effect on motorcycle crashes Passenger vehicle front crash prevention, lane maintenance, blind spot detection

Effect on motorcycle crashes Passenger vehicle front crash prevention, lane maintenance, blind spot detection 4 Do systems on passenger vehicles detect motorcycles? 4 If so, how many crashes potentially could be prevented or mitigated? 4 Studied two-vehicle crashes: 1 motorcycle and 1 passenger vehicle – No effect for single-vehicle motorcycle crashes – Some effect for 3+ vehicle crashes, but these are difficult to sort out 4 Crash types classified by likely relevance to each technology type – Considers role of passenger vehicle and motorcycle separately – Some consideration for technology limitations 4 Fatal, nonfatal injury, and police-reported crashes during 2011 -15

Example motorcycle crash Rider doesn’t appear to be injured

Example motorcycle crash Rider doesn’t appear to be injured

Potentially avoidable crash types Front crash prevention systems on passenger vehicles Motorcycle rear-ended by

Potentially avoidable crash types Front crash prevention systems on passenger vehicles Motorcycle rear-ended by passenger vehicle Motorcycle turns into path of passenger vehicle Motorcycle turns across path of passenger vehicle in same direction

Potentially avoidable crash types Lane maintenance systems on passenger vehicles Head-on, passenger vehicle exited

Potentially avoidable crash types Lane maintenance systems on passenger vehicles Head-on, passenger vehicle exited lane unintentionally Sideswipe, opposite direction, passenger vehicle exited lane unintentionally Sideswipe, same direction, passenger vehicle exited lane unintentionally OR

Potentially avoidable crash types Blind spot detection systems on passenger vehicles Sideswipe, same direction,

Potentially avoidable crash types Blind spot detection systems on passenger vehicles Sideswipe, same direction, passenger vehicle changing lanes or merging

Average annual motorcycle crashes by number of vehicles and severity Motorcycle crashes, 2011 -15

Average annual motorcycle crashes by number of vehicles and severity Motorcycle crashes, 2011 -15 100% 80% single-vehicle 60% two-vehicle (with passenger vehicle) two-vehicle (otherwise) 3+ vehicle 40% 20% 0% fatal 4, 424 injury, nonfatal 72, 994 police-reported 90, 440

Average annual motorcycle crashes potentially preventable by 3 technologies on passenger vehicles Two-vehicle motorcycle

Average annual motorcycle crashes potentially preventable by 3 technologies on passenger vehicles Two-vehicle motorcycle crashes, 2011 -15 fatal crashes nonfatal injury crashes police-reported crashes front crash prevention 70 2, 981 4, 919 lane maintenance 67 907 1, 617 blind spot detection 18 1, 647 2, 092 total 155 5, 535 8, 628

Percent of motorcycle crashes potentially preventable by 3 technologies on passenger vehicles Motorcycle crashes,

Percent of motorcycle crashes potentially preventable by 3 technologies on passenger vehicles Motorcycle crashes, 2011 -15 30% percent of 2 -vehicle crashes with passenger vehicle percent of all motorcycle crashes 20% 10% 0% fatal injury, nonfatal police-reported

Other findings Rear-end crashes Motorcycle got rear-ended by passenger vehicle Passenger vehicle got rear-ended

Other findings Rear-end crashes Motorcycle got rear-ended by passenger vehicle Passenger vehicle got rear-ended by motorcycle Which of these crash types is more common?

Other findings Rear-end crashes Motorcycle got rear-ended by passenger vehicle Passenger vehicle got rear-ended

Other findings Rear-end crashes Motorcycle got rear-ended by passenger vehicle Passenger vehicle got rear-ended by motorcycle <

Other findings Opposite-direction crashes Head-on, passenger vehicle exited lane Sideswipe, opposite direction, passenger vehicle

Other findings Opposite-direction crashes Head-on, passenger vehicle exited lane Sideswipe, opposite direction, passenger vehicle exited lane Head-on, motorcycle exited lane Which of these crash types are more common? Sideswipe, opposite direction, motorcycle exited lane

Other findings Opposite-direction crashes Head-on, passenger vehicle exited lane Sideswipe, opposite direction, passenger vehicle

Other findings Opposite-direction crashes Head-on, passenger vehicle exited lane Sideswipe, opposite direction, passenger vehicle exited lane Head-on, motorcycle exited lane < Sideswipe, opposite direction, motorcycle exited lane These tended to be on curves, more so than when passenger vehicles exited their lanes.

Other findings Left turn in front of oncoming vehicle Passenger vehicle turns left across

Other findings Left turn in front of oncoming vehicle Passenger vehicle turns left across path of motorcycle Motorcycle turns left across path of passenger vehicle Which of these crash types is more common?

Other findings Left turn in front of oncoming vehicle Passenger vehicle turns left across

Other findings Left turn in front of oncoming vehicle Passenger vehicle turns left across path of motorcycle Motorcycle turns left across path of passenger vehicle >

Other findings Left turn in front of oncoming vehicle Passenger vehicle turns left across

Other findings Left turn in front of oncoming vehicle Passenger vehicle turns left across path of motorcycle Motorcycle turns left across path of passenger vehicle >>

Other findings Left turn in front of oncoming vehicle Passenger vehicle turns left across

Other findings Left turn in front of oncoming vehicle Passenger vehicle turns left across path of motorcycle Motorcycle turns left across path of passenger vehicle >> 36 percent of the two-vehicle fatal crashes 22 percent of the two-vehicle injury crashes 20 percent of the two-vehicle police-reported crashes

Other findings Left turn in front of oncoming vehicle Passenger vehicle turns left across

Other findings Left turn in front of oncoming vehicle Passenger vehicle turns left across path of motorcycle Motorcycle turns left across path of passenger vehicle >> 36 percent of the two-vehicle fatal crashes 22 percent of the two-vehicle injury crashes 20 percent of the two-vehicle police-reported crashes Crash scenario beginning to be addressed by adapting front crash prevention systems e. g. Volvo S 90, V 90, XC 90; others in development; detecting motorcycles is an issue

Other findings Left turn in front of vehicle approaching from left Passenger vehicle turns

Other findings Left turn in front of vehicle approaching from left Passenger vehicle turns left across path of motorcycle Motorcycle turns left across path of passenger vehicle >> 11 percent of the two-vehicle fatal crashes 13 percent of the two-vehicle injury crashes 10 percent of the two-vehicle police-reported crashes Also beginning to be addressed by technology

Conclusions 4 Many crash avoidance systems aren’t specifically designed to detect motorcycles 4 This

Conclusions 4 Many crash avoidance systems aren’t specifically designed to detect motorcycles 4 This represents an opportunity to reduce harm by optimizing current technology – 10 percent of two-vehicle fatal motorcycle crashes – 22 percent of two-vehicle police-reported motorcycle crashes

Conclusions 4 Many crash avoidance systems aren’t specifically designed to detect motorcycles 4 This

Conclusions 4 Many crash avoidance systems aren’t specifically designed to detect motorcycles 4 This represents an opportunity to reduce harm by optimizing current technology – 10 percent of two-vehicle fatal motorcycle crashes – 22 percent of two-vehicle police-reported motorcycle crashes 4 Other technological developments should focus on the crash types in which passenger vehicles turn left in front of oncoming motorcycles or cross-traffic motorcycles – Additional 47 percent of two-vehicle fatal motorcycle crashes – Additional 35 percent of two-vehicle police-reported motorcycle crashes

Conclusions 4 Many crash avoidance systems aren’t specifically designed to detect motorcycles 4 This

Conclusions 4 Many crash avoidance systems aren’t specifically designed to detect motorcycles 4 This represents an opportunity to reduce harm by optimizing current technology – 10 percent of two-vehicle fatal motorcycle crashes – 22 percent of two-vehicle police-reported motorcycle crashes 4 Other technological developments should focus on the crash types in which passenger vehicles turn left in front of oncoming motorcycles or cross-traffic motorcycles – Additional 47 percent of two-vehicle fatal motorcycle crashes – Additional 35 percent of two-vehicle police-reported motorcycle crashes 4 Opportunity to develop crash avoidance technologies for motorcycles too – Plenty of engineering and human factors challenges – May benefit single-vehicle motorcycle crashes

More information and links to our You. Tube channel and Twitter feed at iihs.

More information and links to our You. Tube channel and Twitter feed at iihs. org Eric Teoh Sr. Statistician eteoh@iihs. org (571) 970 -8656 iihs. org