Motor Function Upper VS lower Motor neuron signs

Motor Function

Upper VS. lower Motor neuron signs

Aspects of motor function examination : 1. Stance and Gait 2. Inspection 3. Tone 4. Movement and power 5. Coordination

Stance 1. Ask the patient to stand with feet close together and eyes open , if abnormal then patient has………. . ? 2. Do the same with eyes closed , if abnormal the possible causes are ………… 1, 2, 3 ? 3. Pull test , which is abnormal in ……. ?

Gait ( see videos ) 1. Look for any walking aids or footwear. 2. Observe how the patient walks for 10 meters , and ask to turn at 180 degrees quickly and come back. Observe gait and duration. 3. Heal –toe test for ………. . ?

Inspection for : 1. asymmetry 2. Deformities 3. Wasting vs hypertrophy 4. Fasciculations , ( see video ) 5. Involuntary movements , like ………?

Tone Definition : Steps : 1. Ask about any pain first 2. Passive movement of each joint , both fast and slow , with distraction of patient. 3. Hypertonia could be either Rigidity or Spasticity , ………what is the difference ? 4. Ankle clonus ( see video ). 5. Myotonia

Power 1. Ask patient to get up from chair without using upper limbs 2. Examine each muscle group first without resistance and then against resistance 3. Pronator drift 4. Ask to sit up from a lying position without using upper limbs for truncal strength What is Hoover sing ?

Reflexes 1. Deep tendon reflexes 2. Hoffman's test , what does it indicate ? 3. Finger jerk ( C 8) 4. Planter response ( S 1, 2 ) 5. Abdominal reflex (T 8 -T 12 ) 6. Cremasteric Reflex ( L 1, L 2 ) 7. Primitive reflexes What is the Jendrassik’s maneuver ?

Coordination 1. Dysdiadokokinesis 2. Finger –Nose test 3. Heal –shin test

Thank you

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