Motor Control Learning Level of control in all

Motor Control & Learning • Level of control in all learning • Learning produces changes in control

Learner Task Environment

Motor Skill Defined • • Requires body &/or limb movement Voluntary Goal directed Learned

Characteristics of Human Action • Flexibility – Ability to recruit different muscles and joints to achieve same action • Uniqueness – No two movements are ever performed in exactly the same way

Characteristics of Human Action • Consistency of Action – Temporal and spatial aspects of a movement remain relatively stable from one performance to the next • Modifiability of Action – Ability to alter a movement pattern, even as it is being executed

Classification of Motor Skills

One-Dimensional Classifications SIZE OF MUSCULATURE INVOLVED Gross motor Fine motor

One-Dimensional Classifications DISTINCTIVENESS OF MOVEMENT Discrete Continuous

One-Dimensional Classifications STABILITY OF ENVIRONMENT Closed Open

Environmental Dimension Demands placed on performer by the environment (Performance Space) Constraints Move Where? Move When? Move Where & When? Spatial Temporal Spatial & Temporal

Closed Skill Characteristics Self-paced Fixed Environment Spatial Control Highly Predictable

Open Skill Characteristics Externally-paced Changing Environment Spatial & Temporal control Skill Level of Performer

Two-Dimensional Classification Regulatory conditions C O N Stationary T E No variability X T Motion Variability

Batting Tee Same height Stationary No variability Batting Tee Various heights Stationary Variability Pitch Machine Same speed/place Live Pitch In Motion No Variability

Two-Dimensional Classification FUNCTION Body Stability Object Body Transport No Object

Two-Dimensional Classification C O N T E X T Body Stability Stationary No variability Object Motion Variability Body Transport FUNCTION No Object

Why is two-dimensional classification system useful? Applying the system