MOTIVATION BASIC CONCEPTS LESSON 4 MOTIVATION The processes
MOTIVATION: BASIC CONCEPTS LESSON 4
MOTIVATION �The processes that account for an individual’s intensity, direction, and persistence of effort toward attaining goal
EARLY THEORIES OF MOTIVATION �Hierarchy of Needs Theory �Theory of X and Y �Two Factor Theory �Mc. Clelland's Theory of Needs
Two factor Theory
CONTEMPORARY THEORIES OF MOTIVATION
SELF DETEMINATION THEORY �Proposes that people prefer to feel they have control over their actions, so anything that makes a previously enjoyed task feel more like an obligation than freely chosen activity will undermine motivation.
GOAL SETTING THEORY �In general, managers should make goals specific and difficult- managers should set the highest goals to which employees will commit.
SELF EFFICACY THEORY �Refers to an individual’s belief that he or she is capable of performing task.
EXPECTANCY THEORY �Employees will be motivated to exert high level of effort when they believe it will lead to a good performance appraisal.
Components: �Effort-performance relationship �Performance reward relationship �Rewards-personal goals relationship
EMMPLOYEE INVOLVEMENT �Participative process that uses employees input to increase their commitment to the organizations success
EXAMPLES OF EMPLOYEE INVOLVEMENT PROGRAM
Participative Management �Joint decision making in which subordinates share significant degree of decision making power with their immediate superiors
Representative Participation �Letting workers be represented by a small group of employees that participate in decision making
USING REWARDS TO MOTIVATE EMPLOYEES �Through Variable –Pay Programs Types are as follows:
�Piece-rate pay- paying a fixed sum for each unit of production completed �Merit-based pay- pays for individual performance based on appraisal ratings �Bonuses- usually being provided annually, it is higher than merit pay
�Skill- based pay- pay levels on how many skills employees have or how many jobs they can do. �Profit-sharing plansdistributes compensation based on some established formula designed around
�Gainsharing- formula-based group incentive plan that uses improvements in group productivity from one period to another determine the total amount of money allocated. �Employee stock ownership planemployees acquire stock, often at below market price as part of their benefits
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