Motivation and Emotion Motivation Motivation doing things for
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Motivation and Emotion
Motivation • Motivation: doing things for physical or psychological needs or wants • extrinsic motivation • intrinsic motivation
Instinct Approaches to Motivation • Instincts • Instinct approach • governed by instincts
Drive-Reduction Theory of Motivation • Drive-reduction theory: physiological need • cause internal drives to motivates to satisfy the need • Fill need reduce arousal • Need • essential for survival of the organism • Drive • Need creates tension that motivates
Drive-Reduction Theory of Motivation • Primary drives • Body needs • Acquired (secondary) drives • conditioned • Homeostasis • body maintains a steady state
Arousal Approach to Motivation • Arousal theory • optimal level of tension • Yerkes-Dodson law • moderate levels of arousal lead to better performance • varies with the difficulty • easy tasks require a high-moderate level • difficult tasks require a low-moderate level
Arousal Approach to Motivation • Stimulus motive • unlearned motivation but causes an increase in stimulation • such as curiosity • Sensation seeker • needs more arousal than the average person
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs TED Radio Hour
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs • Self-actualization • achieved their full human potential • Peak experiences • periods of self-actualization • temporary
Three Types of Needs • Need for affiliation (n. Aff): • social interactions and relationships • Need for power (n. Pow): • control or influence over others • Need for achievement (n. Ach): • strong desire to succeed in attaining • Dweck’s link between n. Ach and personality
Incentive Approaches to Motivation • Incentives • Incentive approaches • external stimulus and its rewarding properties
Self-Determination Theory of Motivation • Self-determination theory • innate need to gain complete sense of self • Autonomy • Competence • Relatedness • Self-efficacy • Albert Bandura
Glasser’s Choice Theory Needs • Survival • Love/belonging • Power/significance • Freedom/autonomy • Fun/learning • Psychology of Self-Motivation
Elements of Emotion • the “feeling” aspect of consciousness • certain physical arousal • certain behavior • inner awareness of feelings
Elements of Emotion • Facial expressions • seem to be universal • display rules • Identifying emotions • Labeling emotion
Theories of Emotion • Cannon-Bard theory of emotion • occur at the same time • James-Lange theory of emotion • a physiological reaction leads to the labeling of an emotion • Schachter-Singer two-factor theory • arousal leads to physiological and cognitive reaction that leads to emotion • Cognitive-mediational theory • arousal leads to cognitive appraisal leads to emotion
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