Motion Speed average and instantaneous Velocity Acceleration Speed

Motion • Speed: average and instantaneous • Velocity • Acceleration

Speed Average and Instantaneous

Let’s Go to Myrtle Beach

Average Speed Average speed equals the distance traveled divided by the time of travel.

Instantaneous Speed

Scalars and Vectors Many physical quantities are used in physics, which are divided into scalars and vectors. A scalar quantity is one that can be described by a single number (including any units) giving its size or magnitude. Examples: Time interval, distance, speed, volume, mass, temperature, and density. A quantity that deals inherently with both magnitude and direction is called a vector quantity. Examples: Force, weight, velocity, and displacement.

Scalars and Vectors Scalar Vector Distance Displacement Speed Velocity Mass Weight

Vector Illustration Consider the following displacement vector of a car: The length of the vector arrow is proportional to the magnitude of the vector and the arrow represents the direction. In the text, bold face is used for vectors and italics is used for scalars. When hand written an arrow is placed above the symbol.

Velocity is a vector. Velocity = Speed + Direction

Acceleration Have you experienced acceleration?

Acceleration • Acceleration is the rate at which velocity changes.

Acceleration

Positive Acceleration

Negative Acceleration

Can a Car Be Accelerating When Its Speed Is Constant?

Acceleration of a Sports Car • http: //www. cars. com/go/crp/buying. Guides/Story. jsp? section=Spor ts&story=sports. Quickest&subject=stories&referer=&year=2005

Free Fall Acceleration due to gravity affects the velocity of an object as it falls.

Apparent Weightlessness

Space Station http: //spaceflight. nasa. gov/realdata/tracking/ Universal gravitational constant = G = 6. 673 x 10 -11 N. m 2/kg 2 Mass of Earth = M = 5. 98 x 1024 Kg Radius of Earth = R = 6380 km Height of Mt. Everest = 8. 85 km